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11.
针对世界范围的清洁生产实践,通过多角度考察,文章提出了实现清洁生产的5种形式:(1)企业自觉开展清洁生产;(2)在国际公约约束下实现清洁生产;(3)清洁生产示范点;(4)企业发展中实现清洁生产;(5)政府对清洁生产的推动。 相似文献
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游离附生假单胞菌对铜绿微囊蓝细菌中32P释放的影响 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:10
采用同位素示踪法,分析游离附生假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp-)对富集^32P的铜绿微囊蓝细菌(Microcystis aeruginosa)中磷释放的影响.研究结果表明:在微囊蓝细菌生长的延迟期和对数期.游离附生假单胞菌的加入抑制了微囊蓝细菌中^32P的释放,而对蓝细菌的生长没有明显的影响;在微囊蓝细菌生长的稳定期和衰减期,假单胞菌促进其蓝细菌细胞内^32P的释放,同时也加速微囊蓝细菌的衰亡.假单胞菌对微囊蓝细菌^32P释放的促进作用是由于自身的吸磷能力导致的.假单胞菌的吸磷量由假单胞菌生物量和细胞内磷浓度决定,假单胞菌在微囊蓝细菌的整个生长阶段生物量不断增加,而体内^32P浓度在开始阶段很低.直到微囊蓝细菌进入稳定期才达到相对稳定。 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(3):798-810
Although point and nonpoint sources contribute roughly equal nutrient loads to lakes, their relative role in supporting algae growth has not been clarified. In this research, we have established a quantitative relationship between algae-available phosphorus (P) and P chemical fractions in sediments; the latter indicates the relative contribution of point versus nonpoint sources. Surface sediments from three large shallow lakes in eastern China, namely, the Chaohu, Taihu and Hongzehu Lakes, were sampled to assess their algae-available P and chemically extracted P fractions. The algae-available P primarily comes from iron/aluminium (hydr)oxide-bound P (Fe/Al-bound P), 45% of which is algae-available P. The ratio of Fe/Al-bound P to calcium compound-bound P (Ca-bound P) indicated the relative contribution of point to nonpoint sources, with the point sources contributing the majority of increased Fe/Al-bound P in sediments. Therefore, the reduction of point sources from urbanized areas, rather than nonpoint sources from agricultural areas that primarily contribute to the Ca-bound P fraction, should be prioritized to alleviate cyanobacterial algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in shallow lakes with sediment P as a potential source to support algae growth. With these important results, we proposed a conceptual model for “P-pumping suction” from sediments to algae to aid in the development of the criteria for sediment P concentrations in shallow lakes. 相似文献
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运用文献、调查访问、观察、实验、统计及分析等研究方法,对有、无排球技术基础学生的对比分析,探讨软式排球的健身价值。研究结果表明:软式排球较硬式排球技术更易学习掌握,更易在学生中组织比赛,有着很重要的健身价值。为使软式排球更具有健身和娱乐性,应在比赛中灵活制定比赛规则。 相似文献
17.
热液流体中的主要有机质包括腐殖物质(t<50℃)、有机羧酸(t=80~140℃)、原油(120~180℃)和水溶性甲烷气(180~300℃)。腐殖物质在初始矿源层形成中起重要作用,在腐殖酸缩合成干酪根过程中通过去氧而导致还原的成岩环境,从而有效地防止金属元素在初始矿源石化过程中的分散。有机羧酸是干酪很早期演化的必然产物,富含有机羧酸的油田卤水可以成为MVT铅锌矿的成矿流体。在一定成熟度范围内原油可能成为汞金热液流体的重要有机组分。水溶性甲烷气是铜、铀、金等中低温热液流体的重要有机组分。有机质演化的阶段性决定了相应热液流体中有机质的类型;此外沉积建造的类型、金属元素在油/卤之间分配系数差异和构造条件差异导致了金属矿化分异。 相似文献
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沉淀—树脂吸附法处理对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐生产废水的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对氨基偶氮苯盐酸盐(PABS)是生产染料的重要中间体。在PABS生产过程中,排放出高浓度(COD4万~8万mg/L)、高色度(4万~8万)、高毒性(含苯胺和对氨基偶氮苯)和高氯(Cl-4万~10万mg/L)的废水。利用中和沉淀—大孔吸附树脂吸附法进行了处理工艺的小试研究。结果表明,废水色度去除率达到999%,降到20以下;出水中基本不含对氨基偶氮苯(PAB);出水中苯胺的浓度降到3mg/L。GC/MS分析的结果表明,乙醇脱附液中苯胺是最主要的有机物,所以利用该工艺能实现苯胺的回收。 相似文献
20.
Paula Muukkonen Helin Hartikainen Kirsti Lahti Asko Srkel Markku Puustinen Laura Alakukku 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):299-306
No-tillage (NT) is a method adopted to reduce erosion and particulate phosphorus (P) load from arable land to watercourses. However, it has been found to increase the loss of dissolved P with surface runoff, but the reasons for that have rarely been examined in detail. The objective of the present study was to determine the chemical factors explaining this response by investigating the impact of NT on the type and distribution of P reserves as well as on organic carbon (C) in the 0–35 cm topsoil layer of clay soil profiles (Vertic Cambisols). Soil samples were taken from two experimental fields (Jokioinen and Aurajoki) at 0–5, 5–20 and 20–35 cm depths in conventionally tilled (CT) and non-tilled (for 4–5 years) plots. The plots had been cultivated and fertilized according to the common field practices in Finland (15–18 kg P and 100–128 kg N ha−1 year−1).Inorganic and organic P reserves characterized by a modified Chang and Jackson fractionation procedure were not significantly affected by the cultivation methods. However, in the uppermost soil layer (0–5 cm) in NT of the Jokioinen field, the labile P determined by water extraction (Pw) increased significantly, whereas the increase in P extracted with acid ammonium acetate (PAAC) remained statistically insignificant. The increase in labile P coincided with a significant increase in organic carbon (C), which supports the theory that competition between organic anions and phosphate for the same sorption sites on oxide surfaces will enhance the lability of soil P. In the Aurajoki field with distinct soil cracking, Pw and PAAC were not affected by NT in the uppermost soil layer, but they increased in the deepest soil layer (20–35 cm) concomitantly with an increase in Al-bound P and organic C. However, the increases were not statistically significant. In both fields, soil acidification due to the repeated application of N fertilizers at a shallow soil depth as well as the accumulation of organic C lowered pH of the uppermost soil layer in NT compared to the deeper soil layers. The results indicated that even short-term NT can increase the labile P in clay soil. However, further studies are needed to assess the long-term changes in lability of surface soil P and, consequently, the possible need for readjustment of the fertilization level in NT. 相似文献