福州市不同功能区土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其源解析

对福州市不同土地利用类型下5种功能区(加油站、工业区、文教区、公园和居民区)的50个土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量进行了分析,并对土壤中PAHs的污染程度进行了评价,同时应用因子分析/多元线性回归方法对不同功能区土壤中PAHs的来源进行了解析.结果表明,福州市表层土壤中PAHs总含量的平均值为595.9μg/kg,在国内外处于中等含量水平,为轻度污染.土壤中PAHs来源以化石燃料的燃烧源为主,煤的燃烧占53%,石油燃烧占47%.不同功能区土壤都存在一定程度的PAHs污染,15种PAHs总量的大小顺序为加油站>工业区>居民区>文教区>公园,不同功能区土壤中PAHs的来源虽然有所差异,但都以化石燃料燃烧为主要来源.     

尿中1-羟基芘的研究——人体接触多环芳烃的指标

对尿中1-羟基芘的分离和测定方法进行了研究和改进。10ml尿样经酶水解后,用反相高压液相色谱-荧光检测器分析,一小时左右即可得到定量结果,1-羟基芘的检出限为0.047ng。测定了对照组、交通警和焦炉工人尿中1-羟基芘的含量。讨论了人尿中1-羟基芘的量和接触多环芳烃的关系,认为尿中的1-羟基芘可做为人体接触空气中多环芳烃的一个指标。     

An Empirical, Quantitative Approach to Predict the Reactivity of Some Substituted Aromatic Compounds Towards Reactive Radical Species (Cl2-·, Br2-·, ·NO2, SO3-·, SO4-·) in Aqueous Solution (3 pp)

The Hammett approach, applied to the reaction of various classes of aromatic compounds with the radicals Cl2-*, Br2-*, *NO2, SO3-*, and SO4-* yielded good predictive models, supported by high values of the correlation coefficient r2 in the case of phenols with Cl2-* and of phenolates with *NO2 and SO3-*. Lower but statistically significant correlation coefficients could be obtained for benzoates with Cl2-*, phenolates with Br2-*, and benzoates and anisoles with SO4-*.     

取代苯酚臭氧氧化表观速率常数的QSPR研究

在298 K,1.013×105 Pa条件下,对22种取代苯酚在水溶液中的臭氧降解过程的动力学进行了实验研究,采用紫外分光光度法测定了降解过程中取代苯酚的浓度,并求得反应级数和反应表观速率常数。使用Gaussian 98程序中B3LYP6-311G**方法,计算了取代苯酚的结构参数及热力学参数,并采用QSPR方法研究了表观速率常数与其结构及热力学参数之间的关系。研究结果表明:取代苯酚的臭氧氧化反应属0级反应,表观速率常数与其结构和热力学参数之间存在线性关系,相关方程的相关系数R2=0.978,标准误差SD=0.050,分子的极化率是影响表观速率常数的主要因素。     

水体沉积物中有毒有机污染物的监测研究进展

介绍了水体沉积物中有毒有机污染物监测的预处理技术,重点评述了我国水体沉积物中主要有毒有机污染物多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药的监测研究现状,认为水体沉积物中有毒有机污染物研究领域今后发展的重点和方向是广泛开展国内主要河流、湖泊、海洋的监测研究和其在水体环境中的迁移及转化机理、生殖毒性以及污染消减与修复技术研究;加强新型预处理技术及其与大型仪器联用技术的研究;尽早建立水体沉积物中有毒有机污染物的监测方法标准及污染评价标准。     

不同粒径空气颗粒物中11种多环芳烃的分析测定

将五段多孔冲击分级器 (粒径分级 :≤ 1 .1 ,1 .1～ 2 .0 ,2 .0～ 3 .3 ,3 .3～ 7.0 ,≥ 7.0μm)与大流量采样器连接 ,采集呼和浩特市冬夏两季空气颗粒物样品 ,用高压液相色谱仪 (HPLC)测定样品中的蒽 (An)、菲 (Ph)、萤蒽 (Fl)、芘 (Py)、(Ch)、苯并 [a]蒽 (Ba A)、苯并 [a]芘 (Ba P)、二甲基苯并 [a]蒽 (DMBa A)、二苯并 [ah]蒽 (DBah A)、苯并 [ghi] (Bghi P)和晕苯 (Cor)等 1 1种多环芳烃化合物 (PAHs)。数据表明 :呼和浩特市空气颗粒物中 PAHs的浓度较高 ;有约 97%的 PAHs富集于可吸入颗粒中。     

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments From the Open Adriatic

This paper presents the results of the examination of concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in surface sediments from the middle of the Adriatic. the sampling area was chosen as part of the protection programme of the Adriatic Sea and is located at two transverse transects, each consisting of four stations. the sediments were collected during the summer cruise of 1990. Quantification of individual components was performed by Capillary Gas Chromatography (CGC) using reference standards. Areal distribution of the concentrations of HCB, lindane, DDT and its metabolites, dieldrin, endrin and PCBs are presented. the values obtained varied within a wide range of concentration from 20 pg/g dry weight for lindane to 700 pg/g dry weight for Σ DDT and the sum of PCBs as Aroclor 1254 from 0.3 to 6.6 ng/g.

The main source of these compounds is thought to be from suspended matter entering the Adriatic sea via the River Po and transported by currents to its middle part.     

Chlorination of water containing bromide and formationof the bromine - substituted trihalomethanes

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Identification of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine of dogs after pyrene injection and its excretion

With high performance liquid chromatograph and fluorospectrometry, 1-hydroxypyrene is identified as a metabolite of pyrene in the urine of dogs after intramuscular injection of pyrene. When three successive doses of 1,2 and 5 μmol/kg wt. pyrene administered, urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene reaches the peak level between 24th and 48th hours. Excreted 1-hydroxypyrene consists of only about 0.05% of injected pyrene.     

Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonswith supercritical fluid extractionand chromatography (SFE/SFC )

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