炼钢厂炼焦车间土壤中PAHs的超临界流体萃取-色质联用分析方法研究

超临界流体萃取炼钢厂炼焦车间土壤中多环芳烃的最佳萃取条件为４０ＭＰａ，８０℃，０．５％甲醇动态改性液体ＣＯ２１０ｍＬ时，对土样进行超临界流体萃取，色质联用分析，并与索氏萃取法进行比较。土样中能准确定性的多环芳烃４４种，其中能定量分析的３１种。色谱定量的回收率均值为７８．５％￣１０４．１％，相对标准偏差为５．０％￣１５．６％。     

气相色谱法测定气态苯系物的比对活动

依据活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸的采样分析程序,对国家环境保护总局样品研究所制备的苯系物混合气体进行采样、分析,各组分的测定结果均为满意。     

Adsorption and partition of benzo(a)pyrene on sediments with different particle sizes from the Yellow River

Experiments have been carried out to study the sorption of Benzo(a)pyrene(Bap) on sediment particles from the Yellow River using a batch equilibration technique. Effects of particle size on the adsorption and partition of Bap were investigated with the particle content of 3 g/L. Several significant results were obtained from the study. (1) Isotherms of Bap could be fitted with the dual adsorption-partition model under different particle sizes, and the measured value of the adsorption and partition was in agreement with the theoretical value of the dual adsorption-partition model. (2) When the particle diameter was d ⩾ 0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant in the sorption of Bap, which accounted for 68.7%–82.4% of the sorption. For the particles with the size of 0.007 mm⩽d<0.025 mm, the adsorption was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was 0–8.87 μg/L in the water phase; and the partition was predominant when the equilibrium concentration of Bap was higher than 8.87 μg/L in the water phase. When the particle diameter was d<0.007 mm, the partition was predominant. (3) On the point of particle size, the contribution of adsorption to sorption followed the order: “d⩾0.025 mm”>“0.007 mm ⩽d<0.025 mm” >“d<0.007 mm”. (4) The partition coefficients of Bap in solids with different particle sizes were linearly correlated with the organic content, and the K _oc of Bap was about 1.26 × 10⁵ (L/kg). Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(2): 269–274 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

硝基多环芳烃致突变性构效关系研究

应用逐步判别分析法，对８０种硝基多环芳烃致突变性构效关系进行了研究，７２个训练样本判别回代符合率为９０．２８％，８例预测样本正确分类率为１００％，累计正确分类率达９１．２５％。     

上海市环境空气中多环芳烃与苯并[a]芘的监测分析

对实施汽油无铅化前后上海市环境空气中苯并[a]芘和多环芳烃的浓度变化进行了追踪研究。用中流量总悬浮颗粒物采样器、超细玻璃纤维滤膜连续3季(1999-2000年的春、秋、夏)监测了3个监测点环境空气中7组8种多环芳烃{(PAHs)-苯并[a]芘(BaP)、荧蒽(FLT)、苯并[a]蒽(BAA)、屈(CRY)、苯并[b]荧蒽(BBF)、苯并[k]荧蒽(BKF)、二苯并[a,h]蒽(DBA)和苯并[ghi]苝(BGP)}的浓度,并用高效液相色谱法进行分析,共获得81个PAHs的数据。结果表明,PAHs和BaP的浓度与监测点位车流量相关,呈现规律为秋>春>夏。BaP的最大值出现在交通繁忙区,为7.3ng/m3;次大值出现在交通与商业混合区,为6ng/m3;清洁对照点出现的最大值为4.3ng/m3,是27个样品中的第3高值。在3季监测的样本中,3个相同的最小值(0.1ng/m3)均出现在清洁对照点。BBF和BGP的浓度在每一季节、每个点上都达到最高值和次高值,而DBA和BaP浓度则出现最低值和次低值。通过与历史数据的比较,论述了上海市环境空气中BaP污染形成原因、影响因素以及控制对策。研究表明,20世纪80年代以来,上海通过调整城市工业布局、老城区拆迁、实行无燃煤区和基本无燃煤区等政策,以及推行中小燃煤锅炉改造(包括除尘技术、设备的进步和效率的提高)和市区居民生活100％燃气化等多项措施,先后关闭     

臭氧氧化含油地下水实验研究

根据淄博市受石油污染的地下水的水化学类型确定单纯臭氧氧化方法，并利用现场动态实验确定臭氧化除油的最佳臭氧投加量８．０ｍｇ／Ｌ，实验表明在最佳运行状况下，臭氧化对地下水中油类物质的去除率参达到５９．０％左右。同时采用色－质联机方法，分析了臭氧化单元进出不中有机物质组分的变化，有机物种类由进水的２５种减少为出水的１７种，并有易生物降解的中间产物积累，为后续生物活性炭处理工艺提供条件。     

Electrochemical reduction characteristics and the mechanism of chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode

The electrochemical reduction characteristics of chlorinated hydrocarbons were investigated by cyclic voltammetry technique. The reduction mechanism and activity of the chlorinated hydrocarbons at the copper electrode were explored. The relationship between the structure of chlorinated hydrocarbons and their reductive activity were discussed. The experimental results showed that chlorinated alkanes and a portion of chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons could be reduced directly at the copper electrode. However, chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons were not easy to reduce at the copper electrode. The results provided a theoretical basis for the catalyzed iron inner electrolysis method. Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(4): 51–54 [译自: 环境科学]     

应用稳定碳同位素组成特征研究环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃的来源

采集了乌鲁木齐市与郑州市非采暖季的环境空气颗粒物 ,用二氯甲烷做溶剂提取、硅胶柱层分离出多环芳烃样品 .用气相色谱 /燃烧系统 /同位素质谱测定了多环芳烃单化合物的稳定碳同位素组成 .结果表明 :这 2个城市的TSP与PM10 中多环芳烃单化合物稳定碳同位素组成相比较没有明显的区别 ;两城市的颗粒物样品中 ,分子量较小菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘和苯并 (e)芘的稳定碳同位素组成没有明显的区别 ,平均值范围为 - 2 3 4‰～ - 2 4 8‰ ,分子量较大的多环芳烃的δ13 C出现了明显差异 ,乌鲁木齐市环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃单化合物的δ13 C随着其分子量的增大比郑州市更贫13 C ,乌鲁木齐市的环境空气颗粒物中的苯并 (a)芘、茚并 (1,2 ,3 cd)芘、苯并 (ghi)的δ13 C值分别为 - 2 8 3‰、- 31 8‰和 - 30 2‰ ,郑州市为 - 2 4 4‰、- 2 9 4‰和 - 2 6 3‰ .结合对两城市燃煤量和机动车拥有量的对比分析 ,本研究认为 :在非采暖季 ,这两个城市环境空气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染主要是以煤的炭化、气化、燃烧以及机动车尾气为主的复合型污染 ,而机动车尾气...     

含单环芳香烃废水的超声降解实验研究

利用超声波译水体中的单环芳香烃降解进行探索性试验。结果表明，超声辐照７０ｍｉｎ，含单环芳香烃废水的降解规律基本遵循一级反应动力学；超声辐照９０ｍｉｎ，初始浓度为２．２９５～１４．５７ｍｇ／Ｌ的含苯废水，却除率可达到９９％以上。     

Toxicological and biochemical responses of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus to pyrene, a non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

The effects of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pyrene on earthworms were investigated in contact and soil tests. In addition to measuring toxic effects on survival and reproduction, Ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity and catalase activity were also studied as possible biomarkers of toxic stress. The survival data indicated that LC₅₀ values were 0.0068 mg/ml for the contact test, and 283 mg/kg in the soil test. Cocoon production rate was significantly reduced compared to controls at 160, 640 and 2560 mg/kg in the soil test. No EROD activity could be detected in preliminary studies using control and exposed animals from the contact test, so this assay was not used to the soil test. Catalase activity was shown to be significantly lower at 640 mg/kg in the soil test compared to all other treatments and the control. When compared to toxicological data for other soil invertebrates, Lumbricus rubellus has an intermediate sensitivity in respects of survival and a lower sensitivity for reproductive effects, although the soil used in this study had a higher organic content than previous studies, meaning that the sensitivity of this species may be underestimated in comparison to previous published data for other soil invertebrates.