提高基础环境监测站管理水平的途径

本文提出基层监测站应加强综合分析、环境统计、质量管理、队伍建设和信息化建设的 管理工作,以提高监测站的总体水平。     

同步硝化好氧反硝化生物脱氮机理分析及其研究进展

通过对比传统生物脱氮理论，提出同步硝化好氧反硝化技术优点，对好氧反硝化的机理进行了初步探讨，并从不同角度做了理论分析。同时阐述了同步硝化反硝化技术的控制因素及其研究进展。并对好氧反硝化的应用前景作了展望，提出了好氧反硝化今后的研究方向。     

生物酶催化氧化碱回收研究──造纸黑液治理

研究了在常温下，应用生物酶催化氧化，将造约黑液中所含３５％左右的有机钠盐，ＮａＯＲ转化Ｎａ２ＣＯ３盐再苛化取得ＮａＯＨ碱回收的机理，并进行了大量试验取得证实，形成一种新工艺，可望在黑液治理上有突破。     

Study on the toxicity of acid rain to microbiota in soils

With simulated acid rain and acidification, the soils from both Nanning and Liuzhou municipalities, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region have been studied to determine the counts of azotobacter, bacteria, actinomyces and the activity of urease in soils, and the changes in respiratory intensity of soil so as to identify the toxicity of acidic substances to microbiota and enzyme in such soils. The concept of the critical pH of toxicity has been developed and used to discuss the representation of the concept, the basis on which the soil treated with simulated acid rain can be taken as an object of study, and the criteria for the identification of toxicity. Based on that as mentioned above, it was found that acid rain behaved to have toxicity to the microbiota in soils from Liuzhou other than from Nanning. The findings may be regarded as an objective basis to study the toxicity of acidic substances to microbiota and enzyme in soils in this region.     

镍、锌、铝对羊角月芽藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)生长及酶活性影响研究

研究了不同浓度镍、锌、铝对常见绿藻羊角月芽藻（Ｓ．ｃａｐｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ）生长速度、蛋白质含量、ＡＴＰ水平、葡萄糖－６－磷酸脱氢酶（Ｇ６ＰＤＨ）、酸性磷酸酶及硝酸还原酶活性的影响．结果表明３种金属离子在所试浓度范围内对羊角月芽藻的生长速度均有抑制作用，但单位藻培养物中蛋白质含量却随着金属离子浓度的增加而增加；高浓度金属离子对酶活性有明显抑制作用；藻细胞中ＡＴＰ水平随着金属离子浓度的增加而下降．提出金属离子对藻类生物产生影响的机理可能是：高浓度金属离子的存在，打破了生物最佳的各种营养元素生物可利用性的平衡．并讨论了藻类生长及生化活性对金属离子反应的相关性．     

柳叶忍冬的化学成分研究

从柳叶忍冬95%乙醇提取物中首次分离并鉴定了20个化合物: ( )-cycloolivil (1)、( )-fraxiresinol (2)、prinsepiol(3)、软脂酸(4)、对甲基苯酚(5)、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯(6)、洋芹素(7)、木犀草素(8)、5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮醇7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9)、槲皮素(10)、染料木素(11)、5,4′-二羟基-7-甲氧基异黄酮(12)、染料木素5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(13)、5,4′-二羟基-7-甲氧基异黄酮5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(14)、5,7,4′-三羟基双氢黄酮7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(15)、丁二酸(16)、( )-儿茶素(17)、( -)-表儿茶素(18)、谷甾醇(19)和胡萝卜苷(20).应用波谱方法及与已知品对照进行结构鉴定.其中,化合物10、17和18是抑制血管紧张素转化酶的活性成分.表4参63     

宁夏引黄灌区农田土壤酶活性及其空间变异

采集了同一地点不同土地利用方式,及不同地点不同典型土地利用类型下银川平原的灌淤土样品,在分析了土壤基本理化性质的基础上,用奈氏比色法、苯磷酸二钠比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法,分别测定了宁夏引黄灌区农田不同利用方式下土壤的磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶的活性状况,并对土壤酶活性与土壤的基本理化性质的相关性进行了相关分析。结果表明,土地利用方式对三种酶活性有很大的影响。12年果园磷酸酶活性最高,常年旱田脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高,而盐化旱田及常年淹水的稻田,三种酶活性都很低。脲酶活性与土壤全氮之间显著正相关,全磷与三种酶活性都极显著相关,三种酶之间达到显著或极显著正相关关系。表明磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性的大小可以敏感地表征宁夏引黄灌区土壤肥力和生产力的高低。     

EFFECTS OF SPATIAL ORIENTATION OF MULTIPLE PLATE ARTIFICIAL SUBSTRATES ON INVERTEBRATE COLONIZATION1

ABSTRACT: Jumbo multiple plate samplers were suspended in a river at 0.3 and 1 m depth in one of three orientations: interplate spaces closed to downwelling light and open to flow, open to light and flow, or open to light and closed to flow. Mean numbers of colonizing taxa and individuals were not significantly different among orientations after eight weeks of submergence. All variables tested decreased significantly with depth. Mean number of taxa, number of individuals (1 m only), and insect diversity decreased between samplings at four and eight weeks for samplers that were closed to light and open to flow. All orientations, depths, and durations had one-half to two-thirds of the total taxa. Colonization was affected by location in the river and position on sampler suspension equipment. The results indicate lack of orientation effects on colonization or high variability that obscured such effects. The sampler suspension equipment possibly increased among-sampler variability by forming artificial snag habitats, and interplate light and flow conditions at different orientations may not have been sufficiently distinct to elicit different biological responses. Individual samplers provided diverse microhabitats regardless of orientation, but it would be prudent to include orientation among the variables considered in use of multiple plate samplers.     

EDTA对汞毒害下小麦幼苗细胞膜及体内保护系统的影响

研究表明，向含汞污水中加入ＥＤＴＡ能使汞引起的小麦幼苗细胞膜透性，膜脂质过氧化水平，ＳＯＤ活性，可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量的增加和ＣＡＴ活性的降低得以恢复，汞对幼苗的毒害减轻。     

塔马亚历山大藻与细菌的共培养及其微生态效应

为研究赤潮藻类与海洋细菌的微生态关系，在实验室模拟条件下将塔马亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense(Lebour)Balech)与海底沉积物中分离的两种细菌（Bacillus megaterium,S7;B.halmatpulus,S10)共同培养，并探讨了藻菌共培养对A.tamarense生长以及对水体中胞外酶β－葡萄糖苷酶活性（β－GlcA)的影响。实验结果表明，在培养的第2周内，与细菌S7或S10共培养的A.tamarense细胞数分别比CK增加约12％和24％，而在第3周内则各增加23％和5％左右。另外，分别与A.tamarense共培养的细菌S7或S10的β－GlcA变化趋势相似，呈马鞍型曲线。在A.tamarense生长的后期，β－GlcA随着藻细胞的裂解程度的增加而迅速提高。图3参25