基质种类对活性污泥絮体性状的影响

利用葡萄糖、淀粉、乙酸钠和苯酚4种典型基质,分别在4个相同的序批式反应器(Sequencing Batch Reactor,SBR)中培养活性污泥,并研究了基质种类对活性污泥絮体性状的影响.结果表明,以葡萄糖为底物培养的活性污泥胞外多糖含量最少,而苯酚所培养的活性污泥胞外蛋白质最多;从形成的EPS总量来看,苯酚最多,乙酸钠次之,葡萄糖和淀粉较少.不同基质培养的污泥Zeta电位也有一定差别,这是由EPS中多糖和蛋白质的比例不同造成的.红外分析表明,4种基质培养的污泥EPS中的主要基团较为相似,羧基、醇羟基、羧酸、酰胺和多聚糖均是EPS中的主要基团.此外,进水基质对活性污泥絮体的粒度分布及分形结构也有重要影响.     

太阳电池阵基板原子氧防护膜试验评价研究

对太阳电池阵基板用涂有有机硅／SiO2杂化涂层的Kapton膜进行的工程化应用试验评价研究进行了介绍。通过真空下材料的出气试验,对材料的总质量损失（TML）和可凝挥发物（CVCM）进行了测试。进行了温度冲击试验、粒子辐照试验,对涂层的环境耐受性进行了研究。通过原子氧试验,对带涂层薄膜的原子氧剥蚀率进行了研究。此外还对涂层薄膜进行了力学性能试验和粘接性能试验,对带涂层薄膜的拉伸强度、胶接剪切性能及与基板胶接后的剥离性能进行了测试。试验结果表明防护涂层满足工程应用的技术要求。     

One-step estimation method and nomogram to predict safety distances of pressurized gas pipelines from blast sources

Pressurized gas pipelines may be endangered by accidental or intentional activities causing excess ground vibrations leading to failure. Thus, many papers have been published on this issue, yet most of these efforts suffer from complexity and inability to ascertain that all engaged factors are taken into account. These factors are attributed, namely, to explosion source, explosion-ground interaction, energy transfer through the ground, ground-pipeline interaction, and response of the pipeline. The deterministic method developed previously by the author has derived useful prediction mathematical formulas that can be used to calculate, either the stand-off distance of purposefully used explosives, or the maximum quantity of explosives to be used at a given distance, or the equivalent stress of a pipeline induced by an explosive charge at a given standoff distance. The method can also be applied to accidental blast events in factories or other activities. Yet, the complex formulas developed are hard to be used in the field and a simpler approach is needed to facilitate and accelerate in-field estimations. Thus, a nomogram was prepared to make the safety estimations easy and fast and taking into account all engaged critical factors starting from the explosion source through the integrity of the structure.     

Coupling effects of the explosion shock wave and heat radiation on the dynamic response of a fixed-roof tank

The occurrence of leakage in large tank farms or oil deposits can lead to fire or explosion accidents. Coupling effects of fire and explosion loadings can cause considerably more damage to adjacent tanks or buildings than either loading individually does. In this study, the combined loadings of the explosion shock wave and heat radiation from a pool fire on a neighboring empty fixed-roof tank were numerically investigated. The effects of the explosion shock wave intensity and relative height of the explosion center [the ratio of the height of the explosion center to the height of the tank (h_r)] were analyzed. The results indicate that tanks damaged by explosion shock waves have decreased fire resistance and critical buckling temperature. Moreover, the thermal buckling deformation of the predamaged tank largely depends on the explosion shock wave. With an increase in the explosion shock wave intensity or a decrease in h_r, the explosion shock wave has greater influence on the fire resistance of the tank, and the critical buckling temperature decreases. This paper can provide an understanding of the dynamics of a tank under explosion shock wave loading, and of the critical failure criterion and failure modes of a target tank under the coupled loading of the explosion shock wave and an adjacent pool fire.     

废弃液晶屏玻璃基板的行星式球磨工艺研究

以废弃液晶屏玻璃基板为原料,研究了球磨方式和球磨时间在球磨过程中对粉料粒径分布的影响。通过对废弃液晶屏玻璃基板的行星式球磨工艺的研究,探讨了球磨方式、球磨时间等因素对球磨效果的影响,以建立玻璃粉体细化的合理球磨方式和工艺参数。     

改变连接特性提高振动台冲击响应谱模拟能力

目的提高振动台冲击响应谱试验模拟能力。方法分析影响振动台冲击响应谱模拟能力的原因,提出通过改变连接特性提高振动台冲击响应谱模拟能力的方法,并对该方法进行理论分析和试验验证。结果利用具有谐振效应的台面能够将160 k N振动台冲击响应谱量级由原来的1000g提高至2000g,并能够实现负载情况下1600g的冲击响应谱试验,提高了振动台冲击响应谱模拟能力。结论通过改变连接特性可以提高振动台冲击响应谱模拟能力,同时应尽量避免使用振动试验夹具进行冲击试验,针对产品试验要求设计冲击试验夹具,能够获得更理想的冲击试验效果。     

Cf/SiC 复合材料表面 HfO2涂层的制备及其抗热冲击性能研究

目的研究等离子喷涂条件下Cf/SiC复合材料表面HfO_2涂层的物相、显微组织及其抗热冲击性能。方法通过水热合成和喷雾造粒制备出HfO_2粉体,并利用等离子喷涂在Cf/SiC复合材料表面制备HfO_2涂层,研究涂层的物相、显微组织和抗热冲击性能。结果水热合成的纳米HfO_2为单斜相结构,颗粒的平均粒径为10~15nm;等离子喷涂制备的HfO_2涂层组织中存在微裂纹和孔隙,涂层为单斜相结构,且经1350℃热处理后涂层的相结构未发生改变。等离子喷涂的HfO_2涂层与Cf/SiC复合材料基体结合良好,未观察到涂层、基体间界面分离的现象。经1350℃、50周次的空冷热冲击试验后,涂层未发生破坏失效;在1350℃水冷热冲击条件下,热循环20次时涂层表面出现剥落,27次时脱落面积50%。结论通过等离子喷涂制备的HfO_2涂层与Cf/SiC复合材料基体结合良好,涂层能够抵御1350℃空冷、50周次热冲击,且未发生破坏失效,涂层的1350℃水冷热循环寿命达27次。     

水下爆破冲击波危害及安全控制措施的模拟分析

水下爆破工程已广泛应用于经济建设的许多领域,但由于水下爆破的特殊性和复杂性,使得人们对水下爆破的危害及控制难以预测.本文采用数值模拟的方法分析了水下爆破冲击波危害及安全控制措施,为水下爆破作业中的安全控制提供了有效的方法.     

基于故障树分析法研究变电站检修触电事故防控

对变电站检修工作人员触电事故进行了故障树分析,通过定性分析,得出最小割集和结构重要度,并提出变电站检修触电事故的预防控制措施。     

混合基质条件下难降解有机物生物降解性能

选取几种典型的难解解杂环化合物,在混合基质条件下较为系统的地研究了其好氧生物降解性能以及难解有机物间的联合作用效果,研究结果表明,吡啶,喹啉与其同系物类似的生化降解过程及抑制机理,它们的联合作用效果为相加作用,具有不可逆抑制作用物质共存时联合作用效果为协同作用,具有不可逆抑制作用物质与可逆抑制作用物质共存时,联合作用效果为拮抗作用。