湿地植物在城镇污水处理系统中的作用特性研究

将不同类型湿地植物如凤眼莲、荇菜、稗草、黑藻、皇竹草、美人蕉等,引入城镇污水处理系统,考察其对污染物的去除效果和在湿地组合系统中的作用特性。盆栽实验发现,虽然植物对污水N、P营养元素的直接去除率分别只有14.0%～59.4%和8.6%～55.2%,但植物通过过滤、截留及加强有机物降解转化的作用,对水体中污染物的去除具有协同效应,使水体N、P的总去除率分别达65.4%～83.8%和43.5%～69.5%。将植物引入组合处理系统,中试实验结果表明,水体TN、TP和COD月平均去除率分别高达80.4%、74.3%和81.3%。与常规生化处理系统相比,处理效果大为增强,生化反应的能耗相对减少,出水水质较稳定,使湿地组合系统成为一种去N除P,防止水体富营养化的有效处理方法。     

城市河流硬质护岸生态修复研究进展

针对硬质护岸给城市河流生态环境造成的影响,初步探讨了生态型河流护岸的概念与内涵;分类介绍了硬质护岸生态修复一些代表性的技术和方法,分析了这些技术的适用范围;并提出了目前关于硬质护岸生态修复技术研究的热点问题和发展方向。     

冬季浮萍放养体系对养猪场废水的处理效果

以经筛选得到的本地优势浮萍为供试材料,以经稀释的养猪场废水为供试污水,考察了模拟冬季气象条件下浮萍单种体系和浮萍-水花生、浮萍-水葫芦混养体系对污水氮、磷的净化效果及植物生长情况,并与年平均气象条件下的相关结果作对比分析。结果表明,相对于年平均气象条件下的试验结果,冬季气候条件下三种体系对供试废水COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除速率和总去除率均有所下降,最大降幅均出现在浮萍单种体系,而混养体系表现较为稳定,尤其是浮萍-水花生混养体系,其对上述污染物的总去除率均维持在80%左右。浮萍混养体系对废水污染物的去除受冬季气候影响较小,利用其处理废水可克服冬季气候对浮萍单种体系污水处理系统的不良影响,通过合理的工艺组合,可实现浮萍污水处理系统全年气候下的连续运行和对污水氮、磷的高效去除。     

武器装备验证环境因素确定模型及其应用研究

从系统的角度,分析了与武器装备环境紧密相联的4个因素,从武器装备的产品分解结构、环境分解结构、功能分解结构、状态集构建了武器装备系统、分系统、部件的试验验证环境因素确定模型,分析了模型的应用,给出了模型的工作流程。描述了基于上述模型的信息管理系统的构建思路与功能。     

Footedness and Mounting—Short Review and Two Case Studies

Footedness is a personal quality like handedness. Footedness may be associated with moving ability during mounting, dismounting, and jumping movements. Occupational accidents have occurred during movement at different working levels, during the use of access and exit systems, and during the mounting of vehicles. Aging can also affect accident risk and body laterality. For example, falling accidents on stairs are common among the elderly. One reason for accidents may be that the structure of the access system or stair system is unsuitable for individual moving patterns depending partly on body laterality. Footedness and the way the feet are used may be contradictory to the demands of the moving situation, especially during uncommon or rapid situations. This contradiction may trigger disturbance during moving. The aims of this pilot study were (a) to review the literature briefly and (b) to describe the use of the dominant and nondominant foot by farmers and the elderly when mounting a tractor and stairs, respectively. The study also gives ideas for future studies based on both (a) and (b).     

Force-Velocity Characteristics of Individual Human Skeletal Muscles: TBCIat and TBCIong. Outline of the Method

The aim of the work is to outline a procedure of finding force-velocity (F–V) characteristics (F = f(V)) of individual skeletal muscles of the human locomotor system. The presentation is based on an example concerning extensors of the elbow joint: the lateral and long heads of triceps brachii (TBCIat and TBCIong). The experimental part of the procedure involves a natural movement of using the upper extremity to push an external object of variable, adjustable load, engaging both the elbow and shoulder joint.

Five men aged 23 took part in the experiment. Their task was to push the handle of a physical pendulum whose moment of inertia could be adjusted within the range of 58 kg m²-450 kg m², so as to give it maximum angular velocity. During each trial the movement of the trunk, of the upper extremity and of the pendulum was video recorded and the force applied with the hand to the handle of the pendulum was measured.

In order to find the F–V characteristics a simulation model SHOULDER was used, which is capable of solving the synergy problem for muscles of the arm and the shoulder girdle.

It was found that despite considerable dispersion of experimental points the respective regression lines revealed a clear tendency of decreasing muscle force for increased shortening velocity of the monoarticular head (TBCIat) and of increasing muscle force for increased lengthening velocity of the biarticular head (TBCIong) of the triceps brachii muscle.     

Identification of Driver Model Parameters

The paper presents a driver model, which can be used in a computer simulation of a curved ride of a car. The identification of the driver parameters consisted in a comparison of the results of computer calculations obtained for the driver-vehicle-environment model with different driver data sets with test results of the double lane-change manoeuvre (Standard No. ISO/TR 3888:1975, International Organization for Standardization [ISO], 1975) and the wind gust manoeuvre. The optimisation method allows to choose for each real driver a set of driver model parameters for which the differences between test and calculation results are smallest. The presented driver model can be used in investigating the driver-vehicle control system, which allows to adapt the car construction to the psychophysical characteristics of a driver.     

信息化在海外油气项目HSE管理中的应用

伴随着中国石油企业走出去的步伐不断加快,海外油气项目的规模迅速扩大,相较于国内而言,海外油气项目面临的环境更加复杂,HSE管理难度更大。探索一种科学、高效并且符合现代化管理要求的先进管理手段,与企业的HSE管理有机融合,从而确保企业HSE管理体系良好运行,对于企业具有重要意义。中国某石油企业海外项目（A公司）在此方面进行了大量、有益的实践,其将自身的信息管理系统与HSE体系有机融合,从而实现了HSE管理的信息化。选取A公司的事故预防应急系统作重点介绍,将A公司的事故预防管理与传统事故预防管理进行对比,同时将A公司的应急管理与传统应急管理进行对比,最后提出了针对HSE管理信息化的思考,以期对石油企业海外项目的HSE管理提供帮助。     

企业安全生产信息化建设存在的问题及对策

在对我国安全生产信息化建设现状调研的基础上,结合国内外相关资料文献及笔者多年为企业提供安全生产信息化建设解决方案的工作经验,分析了目前我国安全生产信息系统的分类和应用方向,以及企业在安全生产信息化建设过程中存在的问题,如缺乏统一规范和总体规划、投入结构不合理等。针对企业安全生产信息化建设中存在的诸多问题,提出了建设应对措施及建议。对指导企业开展安全生产信息化建设,保证系统科学性、实用性等方面具有重要意义。     

潘一矿西翼通风系统调整与预测研究

针对潘一矿采掘布局高度集中,导致西三采区需求风量大幅提高,引起中央风井风机负压高的问题,提出了西翼通风系统调整与优化方案;并结合矿井未来发展规划,提出了加快二水平巷道掘进、提前准备大巷煤柱工作面顺槽的方法,制定了西三采区进风段和回风段的降阻措施。模拟结果表明:从采区的进风段和回风段同时采取措施,并在采区内部进行扩巷,能有效改善西三采区通风阻力较高的状况,主要通风机负压能降至合理范围。