产业园区规划环境影响评价工作重点及对策研究——以峨眉山市其亚绿色铝业产业园规划为例

产业园区规划环境影响评价旨在从源头预防或控制产业园区的环境污染和生态破坏,实现规划实施的经济、社会与环境效益之间以及当前利益与长远利益之间的相互协调。本文以峨眉山市其亚绿色铝业产业园为例,探讨规划环境影响评价工作重点,以此寻求工作思路和对策。     

放射源在线监控系统设计与应用

为了防止在使用放射源时发生脱落、丢失、超标使用、私自转移等情况,最大限度避免辐射安全事故,有必要设计建立放射源在线监控系统,对放射源放射性指标(辐射剂量率)及所处位置(经纬度)实行连续的自动监测。并通过各级监管平台设置放射源超标、异动等报警程序,全面提升放射源科学监管水平。     

遗体火化二(口恶)英类排放水平及影响因素

采用现场监测方式调查了国内13台火化机烟气中PCDD/Fs排放情况,分析火化炉型、烟气处理设施和随葬品等因素对其排放水平的影响,提出相关污染控制措施和管理措施的建议. 结果表明,各样品的PCDD/Fs毒性当量浓度(以I-TEQ计,下同)差异较大,范围为0.027~15.8 ng·m^-3,平均值为3.2 ng·m^-3. PCDD/Fs排放因子范围为45.9~22236 ng·具^-1,均值为4738 ng·具^-1. 平板炉PCDD/Fs排放水平总体低于捡灰炉,达标率高于捡灰炉. 火化烟气中17种PCDD/Fs异构体分布特征存在一定差异. 部分火化机PCDD/Fs排放浓度仍处于较高水平,有必要从源头上减少污染、提高污染控制技术、加强政府监管,如将随葬品另炉火化、增设二燃室、配备布袋除尘器和活性炭喷射处理设施等.     

论生态省建设

本文以吉林生态省建设为例,对生态省建设提出了看法和建议。     

崇明东滩不同部位的季节性沉积研究

2002年4月至2003年4月，通过对崇明东滩南部、中部和北部的标志桩观测以及实地观测分析，发现崇明东滩在一年中不同季节冲淤变化过程存在很大差异：春季到夏季，南部以冲刷为主，中部和北部以淤积为主；夏季到秋季，南部和中部以淤积为主，北部表现为冲刷；秋季到冬季，南部、中部和北部都以冲刷为主；头一年冬季到次年春季，南部和北部以淤积为主，中部则表现为冲刷。在同一观测路线上，不同季节高、中、低潮滩冲淤也存在一定差异。通过对沉积物粒度、水体含沙量等指标的测试，并借助潮差等资料，探究了影响潮滩季节性沉积的因素，发现潮滩季节性沉积与潮滩基础地貌、水体含沙量、水动力、潮流等有密切关系；但在不同部位不同季节，各因素对潮滩冲淤影响程度各不相同。     

以可持续发展理论指导社会发展综合实验区的实践

社会发展综合实验区中中国可持续发展战略的实验基地，本文对实验区如何按可持续发展原则，结合当地的人口、资源、环境状况，制宁长远的可持续发展的生态规划做了较系统的论述。     

Production, Consumption and the World Summit on Sustainable Development

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), world leaders agreed that eliminating unsustainable production and consumption is one of the three overriding objectives of sustainable development. Achieving that objective should have been a major priority for the WSSD Plan of Implementation. Increases in consumption and production over the past decade were largely responsible for the worsening environmental and social trends. Unfortunately, the negotiators of the Plan paid insufficient attention to the lessons from 10 years of discussions about the concepts, the available policies and tools and their effectiveness, the impacts of those policies on developing countries, and the political commitment of countries in an era of globalization. Despite a promising proposal for a new ten-year work programme aimed at bridging the gap implementing the Agenda 21 commitments from Rio, Summit negotiators produced barely more than a muted echo of recommendations from the past which have yet to be taken seriously enough by the world's leaders in a comprehensive intergovernmental strategy. In the ten-year review of progress to achieve sustainable production and consumption (SPAC), governments quickly skipped past the critical work of examining why things are getting worse, avoiding the task of identifying the obstacles (which in some cases were themselves) and in turn avoiding the commitment to time-bound measurable targets. If nothing else, the WSSD demonstrated that a global strategy to achieve SPAC will come not from a UN consensus of world leaders but from a strategic alliance of responsible governments, civil society and others with a vision beyond the next election cycle.     

湖南省洪涝灾害脆弱性评估和减灾对策研究

自然灾害灾情受到灾害系统脆弱性和致灾因子风险性的共同作用，而脆弱性是自然环境变化和人为影响因素在一定的时空条件下耦合的产物。同一致灾强度下，灾情随脆弱性的增强而加重，降低灾害脆弱性可减轻灾害造成的经济损失，因此灾害脆弱性的研究对防灾抗灾具有重要的意义。洪涝灾害是湖南省最严重的自然灾害之一。根据长时间序列的气象资料和经济统计数据，选取7项指标，应用数学模型来综合评估湖南省洪涝灾害的脆弱性．揭示洪涝灾害脆弱性的基本特征。结果表明湖南省洪涝灾害脆弱性总体水平较高，并且具有明显的空间分异规律。通过相关分析，表明这种分异规律与实际洪涝灾害情况具有一致性，说明本研究对该区防洪抗涝决策有一定的借鉴和指导作用。最后针对影响洪涝灾害脆弱性的因素和成灾机制，提出一系列可持续的生态减灾工程体系的建设思路。     

Effect of sulphadimethoxine contamination on barley (Hordeum distichum L., Poaceae, Liliposida)

Animal wastes from intensive farming are generally collected for field fertilisation. They may contain drugs that can become soil pollutants. To evaluate the possible effects of such contamination in terrestrial systems, sulphadimethoxine has been subjected to laboratory tests (in vitro, synthetic medium, and soil) using seeds of barley (Hordeum distichum L.). The drug suppressed normal post-germinative development and growth of roots and leaves in both test conditions; this effect was dependent on the bioaccumulation rate, which was higher on synthetic medium than in soil. Bioaccumulation was higher in roots than foliage and this was markedly evident in soil and, in particular, in soils with a low humus content. The environmental risk of sludge application on soils and the possible contamination of food chains are discussed.     

我国中西部生态脆弱带坡耕地水土流失及坡地梯化

中西部生态脆弱带是我国坡耕地集中分布地区 ,坡耕地水土流失是中西部生态脆弱带水土流失的主要类型 ,坡地梯化是防治坡耕地水土流失和实现坡耕地可持续利用的重要措施 ,国家应加大投资力度开展以坡地梯化为中心的坡耕地综合开发整治工作