一种新型"Turn-on"荧光探针用于硫化氢可视化检测

硫化氢(H2S)是表征水体污染的重要参数之一,对其进行快速、有效地检测十分重要.荧光检测法由于具有不可比拟的优势得到了广泛的关注.以2-(2'-羟基苯基)苯并咪唑为荧光团,基于H2S的亲核性,设计合成了一种新型检测H2S的荧光探针.该探针与H2S作用后,荧光强度随H2S浓度的增加逐渐增强,颜色由淡黄色变成紫色,因此能够进行可视化检测,可视化检测限为3μmol·L-1.探针的最佳激发/发射波长为320/460 nm,对H2S表现出了良好的选择性和很快的响应速度(5 min),在较宽的p H(6~9)范围内,仍然表现出较好的荧光性能,荧光检测限为6μmol·L-1.该探针为H2S的检测提供了新方法.     

锰掺杂硫化锌量子点LED蓝光灯光催化还原六价铬

通过共沉淀法合成了锰掺杂硫化锌量子点(ZnS∶Mn QDs),该催化剂可在450 nm LED蓝光灯下光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)。采用TEM、XRD、PL分别对ZnS∶Mn QDs的形貌、物相和发光特性进行了表征,结果表明：ZnS∶Mn QDs的尺寸小于10 nm;Mn掺杂没有改变ZnS的晶体结构;ZnS在掺杂Mn后,可在598 nm处产生橘黄色荧光。UV-vis表征结果显示,与纯ZnS相比,ZnS∶Mn QDs具有更强的光吸收能力。考察了不同因素对光催化效果的影响。结果表明,Mn掺杂浓度3%较为合适,酸性pH有利于光催化反应。当Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为25 mg·L⁻¹,pH为5.8时,光催化25 min后Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为99%。与其他光催化剂还原Cr(Ⅵ)相比,ZnS: Mn QDs使用低能耗LED灯作为光源,催化速率高,且能够吸附还原产物Cr(Ⅲ)。探究了光催化机理,发现在450 nm光激发下,Mn²⁺自身能级⁴T₁→⁶A₁发生跃迁产生光生电子,Cr(Ⅵ)捕获光生电子被还原,价带上余留的空穴参与水的氧化。结合表征结果,ZnS可通过掺杂Mn离子改善光吸收能力提高光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的性能。     

Ag~+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚和乙硫醇吸附与光催化氧化研究

采用高温固相法合成具有不同Nb/Ti摩尔比的复合钛铌酸钾盐,通过Ag+离子交换对其进行改性。在静态下评价了Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚(DMS)和乙硫醇(EM)的吸附与紫外光催化氧化作用,使用红外光谱技术对催化剂表面滞留物种进行表征。结果表明,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对DMS的吸附作用力比EM弱。随着Nb/Ti摩尔比增加,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对EM的吸附作用力增强。在紫外光辐射下,Ag+改性的复合钛铌酸钾盐将DMS氧化为亚砜、砜和硫酸盐,而EM则被氧化为磺酸和单齿硫酸盐。     

Potential particulate pollution derived from UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide

UV-induced degradation of odorous dimethyl sulfide (DMS) was carried out in a static White cell chamber with UV irradiation. The combination of in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), wide-range particle spectrometer (WPS) technique, filter sampling and ion chromatographic (IC) analysis was used to monitor the gaseous and potential particulate products. During 240 min of UV irradiation, the degradation e ciency of DMS attained 20.9%, and partially oxidized sulfur-containing gaseous products, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbonyl sulfide (OCS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were identified by in situ FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Accompanying with the oxidation of DMS, suspended particles were directly detected to be formed by WPS techniques. These particles were measured mainly in the size range of accumulation mode, and increased their count median diameter throughout the whole removal process. IC analysis of the filter samples revealed that methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other unidentified chemicals accounted for the major non-refractory compositions of these particles. Based on products analysis and possible intermediates formed, the degradation pathways of DMS were proposed as the combination of the O(1D)- and the OH- initiated oxidation mechanisms. A plausible formation mechanism of the suspended particles was also analyzed. It is concluded that UV-induced degradation of odorous DMS is potentially a source of particulate pollutants in the atmosphere.     

模拟土壤淋洗废液中重金属的选择性去除与淋洗液的回收研究

土壤淋洗废液中污染物的选择性去除是实现淋洗液回收的关键.本文以硫化钠（Na₂S）、乙基黄原酸钾（PEX）、二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（DTC）作为重金属沉淀剂处理电子垃圾污染土壤模拟淋洗废液,在筛选出Na₂S作为理想重金属沉淀剂的基础上,研究初始pH值、反应温度、沉淀剂浓度等因素对Na₂S分离络合态重金属的影响,并通过软件模拟和产物表征等方式推测反应机理.结果表明：Na₂S对柠檬酸络合态重金属的分离顺序依次为Cu、Pb、Cd,符合硫化物溶度积原则;反应温度、初始pH值对Na₂S处理络合态重金属无显著影响,重金属去除率均保持在90%以上,柠檬酸的回收率约为95%;Visual MINTEQ模拟结果显示,S^2-投加前液相中重金属主要以H₂CA^-、HCA^2-和CA^3-结合形式存在,S^2-投加后液相中重金属则以HS^-和S^2-结合形式存在;扫描电镜及能谱（SEM-EDS）表明,S^2-与金属阳离子按物质的量比1：1生成硫化物沉淀物,沉淀主要呈团聚、成簇和圆片状存在;X射线衍射（XRD）分析结果表明,沉淀产物中存在CuS、CdS、PbS和CuPbS₂.本研究结果可为化学沉淀法处理重金属污染土壤淋洗废液提供技术参考.     

城市污染河道沉积物AVS与重金属生物毒性研究

采集珠江三角洲典型城市污染河道佛山水道表层沉积物和上覆水样品,测定了沉积物AVS,Eh,SEM_Pb,SEM_Cd,SEM_Cu,SEM_Zn,SEM_Ni,SEM_Cr,及上覆水Eh,DO.同步进行了底栖动物调查,结合调查结果分析了城市污染河道沉积物AVS与重金属生物毒性的关系.主要研究SEM-AVS判据在判断城市重污染河道重金属生物有效性方面的作用.所测AVS最大值为69.579 μmol/g,最小值为0.339 μmol/g,均值为20.283 μmol/g;各采样站位∑SEM₅（SEM_Pb,SEM_Cd,SEM_Cu,SEM_Zn,SEM_Ni之和）最大值为23.067 μmol/g,最小值为1.062 μmol/g;底栖动物种类和数量均较少,且基本为耐污种,优势种为水丝蚓.13个采样站位中,∑SEM₅-AVS<0的有9个,MDS分析结果显示：这9个站位中的7个底栖动物群落结构相似程度高.这表明重污染河道沉积物重金属的生物毒性与SEM-AVS的值关系密切,SEM-AVS判据在判断重污染区域重金属的生物毒性方面具有较大作用;同时说明重污染河流重金属生物毒性比较复杂,不能完全由SEM-AVS解释.     

自然界中铁硫化物矿物对含氯有机化合物降解作用

含氯有机化合物被广泛用于工农业生产和人们的日常生活中 ,对环境污染也日益严重。缺氧环境下对含氯有机化合物的非生物转化是自然界自我调控的过程之一 ,而广泛存在于这一环境中的铁硫化物矿物在这一过程中起着重要的作用。本文主要从反应机理角度回顾了铁硫化物矿物作为有机氯污染物主体还原剂的研究现状 ,并对进一步研究中可能存在的问题及研究重点提出了具体的建议。     

Biological removal of air loaded with a hydrogen sulfide and ammonia mixture

The nuisance impact of air pollutant emissions from wastewater pumping stations is a major issue of concern to China. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are commonly the primary odor and are important targets for removal. An alternative control technology, biofiltration, was studied. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of unit systems packed with compost in terms of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions treatment, and to establish optimal operating conditions for a full-scale conceptual design. The laboratory scale biofilter packed with compost was continuously supplied with hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas mixtures. A volumetric load of less than 150 gH2S/(m^3.d) and 230 gNH3/(m^3.d) was applied for about fifteen weeks. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia elimination occurred in the biofilter simultaneously. The removal efficiency, removal capacity and removal kinetics in the biofilter were studied. The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency reached was very high above 99%, and ammonia removal efficiency was about 80%. Hydrogen sulfide was oxidized into sulphate. The ammonia oxidation products were nitrite and nitrate. Ammonia in the biofilter was mainly removed by adsorption onto the carrier material and by absorption into the water fraction of the carrier material. High percentages of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia were oxidized in the first section of the column. Through kinetics analysis, the presence of ammonia did not hinder the hydrogen sulfide removal. According to the relationship between pressure drop and gas velocity for the biofilter and Reynolds number, non-Darcy flow can be assumed to represent the flow in the medium.     

炼油厂恶臭污染物的防治

论述了炼厂恶臭气体的防治方法，主要从密闭的生产装置、酸性水储罐及污水处理系统几个方面进行了分析并提出了目前为解决恶臭污染采取的方法。     

酸性矿山废水的处理研究

简要分析了酸性矿山废水的主要污染物及危害,叙述了几种主要的处理技术:中和法、硫化沉淀浮选法、微生物法和人工湿地,并介绍了它们的机理、特点及实验研究和工业应用情况,由此对我国的酸性矿山废水的治理技术进行了前景展望。