二氧化钛/石墨烯气凝胶的制备及其可见光催化性能

以不同m（氧化石墨）∶V（钛酸四丁酯）的氧化石墨和钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用一步水热还原法制备4种TiO₂/石墨烯气凝胶。采用XRD谱图、FESEM照片、拉曼光谱谱图和能谱谱图对样品的结构、形貌、组成元素进行了表征分析。以溶液中罗丹明B的降解率作为评价指标,考察了4种TiO₂/石墨烯气凝胶的可见光催化性能。实验结果表明：随着氧化石墨含量的增加,石墨烯对TiO₂的包覆变好,石墨烯与TiO₂ 成功复合形成三维气凝胶;罗丹明B在TiO₂/石墨烯气凝胶体系中的光催化降解反应属于一级反应,4种TiO₂/石墨烯气凝胶对罗丹明B的最高降解率和反应速率分别是纯TiO₂体系的4.5倍和9.9倍,实现了TiO₂的可见光催化。     

Rubber tire life cycle assessment and the effect of reducing carbon footprint by replacing carbon black with graphene

This research utilizes real operating data from a tire plant operating in Central Taiwan to investigate the carbon footprint emissions (CO₂e) involved in producing the electric bicycle. The simulation results are based on the PAS 2050 standard using the SimaPro 7.3 software tool. Our results show the total carbon footprint emissions of 1.2-kg tire for the electric bicycle weighing 4.53-kg CO₂e, composed of 2.63-kg CO₂e from raw tire materials stage, 1.295-kg CO₂e from tire manufacturing stage, and 0.605-kg CO₂e from tire transport stage. An international certified organization, British Standard Institute (BSI), verified the accuracy of our results as 98.7%. We found that carbon emissions at the raw materials stage were higher than that for the other two stages – manufacturing and transportation. Carbon black was determined as the maximum source of carbon emissions at the raw material stage. To reduce the tire plant carbon emissions, this paper recommends using graphene to replace carbon black. Graphene has been reported by many researches to improve the properties of rubber products. From our simulation results, the carbon footprint emissions of 4.56-kg CO₂e of the origin tire plant uses 0.456-kg carbon black to produce 1.2-kg electric bicycle tires. This can be reduced to 4.29 (5.92%), 4.03 (11.62%), 3.75 (11.76%), and 3.49-kg CO₂e (23.46%) by using graphene to replace carbon black 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt% respectively. If we focus only on 0.456-kg carbon black producing 1.08-kg CO₂e, the reduced carbon footprint will be 0.812 (24.81%), 0.547 (49.35%), 0.28 (74.07%), and 0.0128-kg CO₂e (98.81%) by using graphene to replace carbon black 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt% respectively. From our analysis, graphene replacing carbon black can reduce carbon footprint. This has not been published previously and provides a direction for the tire plant to save carbon emissions.     

CeO_2/三维石墨烯催化臭氧氧化降解刚果红

采用原位氧化还原法制备了三维石墨烯负载型CeO_2催化剂(CeO_2/3D GN),采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、比表面积和零电荷点测定等方法对其进行了表征,并考察了CeO_2/3D GN非均相催化臭氧氧化降解水中刚果红染料的影响因素。表征结果显示:CeO_2/3D GN具有相互连通的三维网络结构;CeO_2纳米颗粒均匀地分散在石墨烯片层中;比表面积为190.89 m~2/g;零电荷点pH_(zpc)为7.36。实验结果表明:CeO_2/3D GN非均相催化臭氧氧化体系比单独臭氧氧化体系对刚果红溶液的脱色率提高了60.56百分点;连续5次重复利用CeO_2/3D GN,刚果红溶液脱色率为96.50%~98.00%;在臭氧流量为20 mg/min、催化剂投加量为1.5 g/L、初始溶液pH为7.00的最佳工艺条件下反应15 min,刚果红溶液脱色率可高达94.65%。     

石墨烯与抑癌基因p53 DNA片段相互作用的分子模拟与光谱学验证

石墨烯(graphene,G)及其衍生物由于具有独特的理化性质,被广泛应用于能源、生物医学等领域,但尚缺乏其对生物体和环境潜在危害的研究。采用分子动力学模拟并结合光谱学方法(紫外可见吸收光谱、紫外变温实验及荧光光谱),分析了石墨烯与抑癌基因p53启动子区DNA片段(p53-DNA)间的相互作用,并探讨了相关作用机制。石墨烯的部分芳香环与p53-DNA碱基的芳香环之间存在π-π堆积作用,两者可以通过嵌插作用进行结合,同时还通过沟槽作用进一步结合。光谱实验进一步证实,在石墨烯作用下,p53-DNA的熔点(Tm)值升高,EB-DNA体系发生静态荧光淬灭,说明石墨烯能与p53-DNA结合;同时,p53-DNA与石墨烯结合后在260 nm处的吸光度升高,说明石墨烯对p53-DNA的双螺旋结构具有一定的破坏作用。上述研究结果从分子水平上分析了石墨烯与p53-DNA间的相互作用机制,有助于进一步阐明石墨烯的毒性作用机理。     

膜萃取和CaO-MgO乳状液反萃取法由醋酸废水生产醋酸钙镁盐

采用磺化聚醚砜中空纤维膜萃取醋酸废水,再用CaO—MgO乳状液反萃取制备醋酸钙镁盐。考察了膜萃取和反萃取的最佳实验条件。单级膜萃取醋酸废水（醋酸质量分数2％）的最佳条件为：水相走管程有机相走壳程（水外油内）逆流、有机相流量与水相流量比1．3、水相流量0．23mL/min,在此条件下萃取率可达74％;采用二级萃取,总萃取率可达95％。反萃取的最佳条件为：采用质量浓度100g／L的CaO—MgO乳状液作反萃取剂,CaO—MgO与醋酸摩尔比1．0：2．0,投料钙与镁摩尔比2．9：7．0,反萃取时间30min,室温,在此条件下反萃取率高于97％。     

还原氧化石墨烯支撑纳米零价铁对含Sb(Ⅲ)废水的处理

针对含重金属Sb(Ⅲ)废水处理问题,采用液相还原法制备出高效的还原氧化石墨烯负载纳米零价铁(nZVI/rGO)复合吸附材料,并采用多种技术手段对所制备的nZVI/rGO复合材料进行表征.同时,复合材料中nZVI的负载量、吸附剂投加量、初始pH值以及反应温度等因素对废水中Sb(Ⅲ)吸附去除效果的影响被全面考察,并进一步对吸附过程进行吸附等温线和吸附动力学拟合.结果表明,在25℃,pH为3.0时,当nZVI负载量为70wt%,nZVI/rGO投加量为0.5g/L时,Sb(Ⅲ)的去除率最高,140min内可达99.7%.该吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型与Langmuir等温吸附模型,因此nZVI/rGO被证实是一种高效的Sb(Ⅲ)吸附材料.     

Sulfonated tea waste: A low-cost adsorbent for purification of biodiesel

In the present work, the crude biodiesel produced from spent fish frying oil through alkaline catalyzed transesterification was purified using a low-cost adsorbent viz. sulfonated tea waste. After separating the glycerol, the crude biodiesel was purified using the suggested adsorbent. Various methods of purification using the said adsorbent were applied such as purification using adsorption column chromatography and shaking methods. The results showed that purification using adsorption column chromatography exhibited the bst result. Properties of the purified fuels were determined and found conformed to those specified by the ASTM standards. For the sake of comparison, purification using zeolite and water washing method was also investigated. The result indicated that the suggested adsorbent was more successful on purification of the crude biodiesel compared to other methods.     

ZnO/氧化石墨烯的制备及其对亚硝酸盐的光催化降解

利用沉淀法制备了ZnO光催化剂,并将其负载在氧化石墨烯上,制得ZnO/氧化石墨烯复合材料,研究了该复合材料对亚硝酸钠的光催化降解效果。采用XRD和SEM技术对光催化剂进行表征。考察了初始亚硝酸钠质量浓度、溶液pH、ZnO/氧化石墨烯加入量对亚硝酸钠降解效果的影响。表征结果显示：ZnO/氧化石墨烯晶体的晶型发育良好、结晶度高;新生成的混晶结构提高了催化剂的光催化活性。实验结果表明：在初始亚硝酸钠质量浓度246 mg/L、溶液pH 5、ZnO/氧化石墨烯加入量1.0 g/L的条件下,经过150 min的紫外光降解,亚硝酸钠的质量浓度降至70 mg/L,亚硝酸钠的降解率为71.38%;ZnO与氧化石墨烯的协同效应有效提高了光催化反应体系的效率,ZnO/氧化石墨烯对亚硝酸钠的降解能力远高于氧化石墨烯和ZnO。     

聚乙烯亚胺改性聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

采用聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯(PANI/GO)进行改性得到PEI-PANI/GO,通过XRD、FTIR、BET和SEM技术对PEI-PANI/GO进行表征,并考察了PEI-PANI/GO对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。表征结果显示,PEI-PANI/GO材料以介孔为主,比表面积为35.12 m²/g,孔体积为0.098 24 cm³/g。实验结果表明,在温度为20 ℃、体系pH为3、溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为400 mg/L的条件下,PEI-PANI/GO对Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量达117.63 mg/g。PEI-PANI/GO对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为更符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,表明吸附过程是单分子层吸附。经过循环吸附再生后第4次使用,PEI-PANI/GO对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量从117.63 mg/g降至84.27 mg/g,仍能保持71.64%的吸附量,说明其重复使用性能良好。     

锰钴水滑石/石墨烯电极的制备及催化性能

采用水热法制备了以氧化还原石墨烯（rGO）为载体的锰钴水滑石（LDH）,即MnCo-LDH/rGO复合材料并研究其氧还原性能.在Mn/Co物质的量比为1：3的条件下,MnCo-LDH和MnCo-LDH/rGO的形貌和催化性能最为突出.与MnCo-LDH相比,MnCo-LDH/rGO在Na₂SO₄溶液中的氧化还原峰更加明显（-0.425V）,且峰电流更大,达到0.749mA/cm².将MnCo-LDH/rGO作为阴极,在120min内持续提供30mA/cm²的电流可使浓度为20mg/L的罗丹明B染料（RhB）降解98.6%,具备良好的降解性能.旋转圆盘（RDE）及自由基淬灭实验结果显示,反应中转移电子数为2,且主要自由基为·OH.