聚砜-磺化聚砜共混超滤膜的研究

本文以聚砜和磺化聚砜为原料,制备了低截留分子量的共混超滤膜,此种膜具有适中透水量,对分子量3000的PEG截留率在90％以上。对膜的制备参数,如聚合物浓度、不同溶剂、不同添加剂和凝胶介质对膜性能的影响进行了较详细的研究。     

氧化石墨烯和多环芳烃与肺表面活性物质间的相互作用

为阐明氧化石墨烯与多环芳烃这一复合污染体系与肺表面活性物质（PS）的作用,考察了各组分之间的作用方式及效应,并对作用机制进行分析.结果表明,PS及其组分对多环芳烃有增溶作用,增溶能力依次为萘 < 苊 < 苯并（a）蒽;氧化石墨烯对多环芳烃和PS有一定的吸附作用,且多环芳烃和PS存在竞争吸附,入肺后PS及其组分占据多环芳烃的吸附位点而负载于氧化石墨烯表面;多环芳烃在PS及其组分增溶作用下在氧化石墨烯表面解析,毒性增强;DPPC由竞争吸附产生的解析效果尤为显著,当苯并（a）蒽的加入量到0.6mg/L时,DPPC于GO上吸附量减少了28.92mg/g;同时,多环芳烃和PS均会促使氧化石墨烯团聚,粒径增大3倍以上;C=C键的增多和化学键转化产生的作用力影响了氧化石墨烯的稳定性.本研究为复合污染对肺的潜在毒性效应及肺风险评估提供了一定的理论支撑.     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of rGO/TiO2 for the decomposition of formaldehyde under visible light irradiation

Due to the low concentration of indoor air contaminants,photocatalytic technology shows low efficiency for indoor air purification.The application of TiO_2 for photocatalytic removal of formaldehyde is limited,because TiO_2 can only absorb ultraviolet(UV) light.Immobilization of TiO_2 nanoparticles on the surface of graphene can improve the visible light photocatalytic activity and the adsorption capacity.In this study,rGO(reduced graphene oxide)/TiO_2 was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using titanium tetrabutoxide and graphene oxide as precursors,and was used for the degradation of low concentration formaldehyde in indoor air under visible light illumination.Characterization of the crystalline structure and morphology of rGO/TiO_2 revealed that most GO was reduced to rGO during the hydrothermal treatment,and anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles(with particle size of 15–30 nm) were dispersed well on the surface of the rGO sheets.rGO/TiO_2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of formaldehyde in indoor air and this can be attributed to the role of rGO,which can act as the electron sink and transporter for separating photo-generated electron–hole pairs through interfacial charge transfer.Furthermore,rGO could adsorb formaldehyde molecules from air to produce a high concentration of formaldehyde on the surface of rGO/TiO_2.Under visible light irradiation for 240 min,the concentration of formaldehyde could be reduced to 58.5 ppbV.rGO/TiO_2 showed excellent moisture-resistance behavior,and after five cycles,r GO/TiO_2 maintained high photocatalytic activity for the removal of formaldehyde(84.6%).This work suggests that the synthesized rGO/TiO_2 is a promising photocatalyst for indoor formaldehyde removal.     

Ti-Cu-Mn复合物负载石墨烯催化剂制备及其降解二甲苯性能

采用水热法制备了4种不同摩尔比的Cu-Mn-Ti/GS复合物催化剂,利用固定式反应床评价了其对二甲苯的催化氧化性能,并对催化剂进行了BET、XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS等表征,探讨了其对二甲苯的降解动力学.结果表明,当催化剂的Cu、Mn含量增加时,其比表面积有所降低,总孔容也降低,降解活性减小.催化剂中Cu-Mn呈现Cu_(1.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4和CuMn_2O_4两种晶格,活性组分有Cu~+、CuMn O和TiO_2.石墨烯载体的稳定性较好,Ti-Cu-Mn/GS(1∶1∶1)催化剂的颗粒分布较均匀,粒径也较小,降解二甲苯的T50为97℃,表现出较好的低温催化降解性能.催化剂对二甲苯的催化氧化降解过程符合一级反应动力学方程.     

改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖功能材料对刚果红的吸附研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)和壳聚糖(CS)为前体物,以乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)为表面改性剂,制备了一种新型改性氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖功能材料(GEC),并将此材料作为吸附剂用于水中刚果红的吸附去除,探讨了时间、pH值、吸附剂投加量、温度及初始浓度对GEC吸附去除刚果红的影响.结果表明,GEC对水中刚果红具备良好的吸附能力,且在pH=2~12的范围内都具有较佳的吸附效果.GEC对刚果红的吸附动力学可以较好地用伪二级动力学模型进行描述,其吸附数据可应用Langmuir吸附等温模型进行拟合,其吸附过程是自发的吸热反应过程.根据Langmuir模型计算得到GEC室温条件下最大吸附量为175.43 mg·g~(-1).用2 mol·L~(-1)NaOH溶液在60℃水浴条件下对GEC进行脱附再生实验,在重复循环利用6次后,GEC对刚果红的吸附量仅下降了5.89%,刚果红的去除率仍保持在88%以上.以上结果表明,GEC适合作为一种有效的吸附剂去除水中刚果红.     

Phosphorus-doped graphene supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in PEM water electrolysis

PEM water electrolysis is one of the most efficient methods for the production of hydrogen because of produced high purity of the gases and environmentally friendly. In the present study, Phosphorus-doped Graphene (PG) was synthesized by thermal annealing of triphenylphosphine (TPP) and graphene oxide (GO). The PG supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalysts were synthesized by chemical reduction method and used as the cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode. Structural properties and electrochemical performances of the synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst were studied by FE-SEM, EDS, ICP, FT-IR, XRD, and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods, respectively. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA’s) were fabricated using Pd/PG as cathode for HER electrode and RuO₂ as anode for OER electrode. Also, their electrochemical performances along with the corresponding hydrogen yields were evaluated in single cell PEM water electrolyzer at various experimental conditions such as different current densities from 0.1 to 2.0 A cm^?2 and temperatures (28–80°C). The synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst was observed a current density of 1 A cm^?2 with 1.95 V at 80°C. Further, long-term stability studies were carried out continuously up to 2000 h which showed a reasonable stability. Hence, the synthesized Pd/PG can be used as an alternative to Pt-based electrocatalysts for the HER in PEM water electrolysis.     

N原子杂化石墨烯高效活化过一硫酸盐降解RBk5染料废水

过硫酸盐高级氧化技术使用过程中,活化剂的大量流失与其环境二次危害是影响该技术应用的主要限制因素.针对这一问题本研究采用改进的Hummers法结合水热法制备环境友好型的N原子掺杂石墨烯作为催化剂,活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO4-·)和羟基自由基(·OH)降解活性黑5(RBk5)染料.利用傅立叶红外光谱,X-射线光电子能谱,拉曼光谱和透射电子显微镜对N原子掺杂石墨烯进行表征.对催化剂催化性能进行研究,考察了初始p H、催化剂投加量和PMS投加量等因素对降解过程的影响.结果表明,N元素掺杂能够有效提升石墨烯材料的PMS催化活性,且活性受N掺杂比例影响较大;废水的初始p H对降解效率无明显影响.催化剂投加量为1. 5 g·L-1,PMS投加量为0. 3 g·L-1的条件下,反应25min后RBk5染料废水的降解率可达到99%以上,反应过程符合一级反应动力学.自由基猝灭实验显示,N掺杂石墨烯/PMS体系降解RBk5为表面反应,SO4-·和·OH为降解RBk5的主要自由基.循环实验证明催化剂稳定性能良好.     

改性石墨烯对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性石墨烯用于水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除进行了研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对石墨烯和改性石墨烯性能进行表征.探讨了反应时间、pH、温度、剂量对石墨烯和改性石墨烯去除MB的影响.结果表明,在石墨烯制备过程中添加CTAB可以明显增大比表面积,提高MB的去除率.反应过程在前15 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型.最佳反应温度为293 K,吸附剂投加量的最适浓度为2 g·L-1,且吸附量的大小与溶液的初始pH值无关.通过Langmuir等温吸附方程得到改性石墨烯的最大吸附量86.43 mg·g-1,且为放热反应.     

改性环氧有机涂层的电偶腐蚀行为模拟分析

目的 实现二氧化钛-还原氧化石墨烯改性环氧防腐涂层在海洋工程应用下的电偶腐蚀行为分析。方法 以还原氧化石墨烯、二氧化钛为纳米填料,制备改性环氧防腐涂层,并以此涂层为模型,利用有限元计算软件,研究改性环氧涂层存在微观缺陷情况下,涂层抑制金属电偶腐蚀的作用规律。结果 改性环氧涂层可以有效抑制金属电偶腐蚀问题。计算研究了缺陷涂层在不同孔洞宽度和分布状态下,涂层对电偶腐蚀的抑制程度。当缺陷涂层孔洞宽度为500 μm,阴阳面积比为2︰1时,电位差最小为1.05×10^–6 V,可以有效抑制电偶腐蚀。结论 二氧化钛-还原氧化石墨烯的添加,可以填补涂层空隙,阻碍水渗透,有效提高环氧涂层的防腐性能。利用有限元模拟计算可得,涂层破损时会发生局部严重腐蚀,最终造成工程结构的失效。