废催化剂浸出规律的静态实验方法

利用静态浸出实验方法对废催化剂中重金属在不同固水比和浸出次数条件下的浸出规律进行了系统研究。实验发现浸出次数大于３次后,重金属的浸出浓度和浸出速率趋于稳定,同时固水比的增加也没有明显改变废催化剂中重金属的浸出。认为在浸取次数大于３次以后,随着表面溶质的溶解,浸出过程主要为内扩散所控制。     

水稻土中胱氨酸分解产生含硫气体的研究

测定在室内培养情况下南京水稻土中挥发性含硫气体的释放．结果表明,该土壤中产生Ｈ２Ｓ、羰基硫（ＣＯＳ）和二甲基硫（ＭＤＳ）气体．当土壤中加入胱氨酸后,检测到甲硫醇（ＣＨ３ＳＨ）、二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）、ＣＯＳ、Ｈ２Ｓ和ＤＭＳ气体．除ＤＭＳ之外,这些气体的释放量随胱氨酸添加量增加而增加．据此推测,水稻土中胱氨酸的分解可能是ＣＨ３ＳＨ、ＣＳ２、ＣＯＳ、Ｈ２Ｓ等４种气体产生释放的来源之一．在厌氧条件（充氮淹水）下检测到的含硫气体低于好氧条件（普通大气淹水）．光照、ｐＨ值、土壤含水量等对含硫气体的释放量均有影响     

镉和硒染毒对大鼠体内一些营养元素的影响

为了解染毒元素 Cd 和 Se 在生物体内对一些营养元素的影响,采用体内中子活化分析和原子吸收法分析了大鼠被高含量Cd或Se染毒后,不同组合的动物体内这些元素的平均含量的变化．结果表明,高含量 Cd 使大鼠体内N、Ca 、Zn 、Cu 的含量大幅度的降低,而高含量Se使大鼠体内 N、Ca、Zn 、Cu的含量有一定的降低;当高含量的 Cd和 Se 同时在大鼠体内作用时, Se 和 Cd 对 N、Ca 、Zn 、Cu 元素,的毒性作用有相互缓解作用,而Se 和 Cd 对 P、K、Mg 元素毒性却有相互加重作用．     

聚乙烯及其废料油化技术中催化剂的研制与性能研究

本文研究了几种自制催化剂对聚乙烯热解产物的催化改质作用,催化反应温度与催化剂性质对催化改质所得气体收率及组成、汽油收率及辛烷值、柴油收率以及催化剂积碳的影响,探讨了适合聚乙烯及其废料热解产物催化改质的催化剂应具备的特性及热解产物在催化剂上反应的类型,同时探讨了本研究对废塑料油化技术的指导作用。应用此催化剂液体收率可达８０％以上,汽油辛烷值为８２（ＲＯＮ）。     

SO2在Co—Mo／AC催化剂上的还原

本文研究了活性焦（ＡＣ）担载Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ催化剂对ＳＯ２还原的催化性能。考查了催化剂不同的预处理方法,Ｈ２／ＳＯ２摩尔比和还原温度对还原过程硫产率的影响,并就硫化后的Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ和活性焦在催化床不同的构成对硫产率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,经硫化后的催化剂在ＳＯ２＋２Ｈ２→Ｓ＋２Ｈ２Ｏ反应有较高的催化活性,在最佳反应温度３００℃,Ｈ／ＳＯ摩尔比为３,空速６０００Ｌ;ｋｇ＾－１．ｈ＾－１条件下,生成硫的产     

Trends of air pollution in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains, Bavaria

We analyzed 13 years of hourly measurements of SO₂, NO_x, and O₃, at forest ecosystem research sites in SE Germany. A quasi-continuous data record was obtained by combining data sets from two locations. Before interpreting trends in the combined data set, we analyzed if the change of location introduced a systematic bias. We employed autocorrelation functions, Hurst statistics, complexity analysis, and recurrence quantification and found that the partial data sets exhibited no indication of the presence of any bias. For SO₂, we also compared the data from the forest sites with data obtained in nearby cities and also found no indications for any systematic effects. Applying nonparametric trend statistics we found a significant decrease of the SO₂. Most of the observed decrease is due to the reductions of SO₂ emissions in eastern Germany, but reductions in western Germany and the Czech Republic also played important roles. For O₃, we observed a significant increase, the causes of which are unclear from our data alone. No trend was identified for NO_x.     

以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体的新型钒氧化物脱氮催化剂研究

以TiO₂/Al₂O₃/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,以V₂O₅-MoO₃-WO₃为活性组分,用于氨法选择性催化还原烟气中NO的新型催化剂,并对该催化剂的活性性能和微观结构进行了评价和表征.同时,将该催化剂的活性性能与其它几种活性组分相同但载体、制备方法、结构不同的催化剂进行了对比.对比结果表明,该新型催化剂能取得最好的选择性催化还原氮氧化物催化性能BET、FT IR、XPS表征实验结果表明,其高催化活性得益于大比表面积及大孔体积,而TiO₂/Al₂O₃/堇青石蜂窝陶瓷载体及其制备方法对获得好的催化剂构型起了至关重要的作用.     

Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.     

黄单胞菌生物滴滤塔处理硫化氢能力及产物研究

以黄单胞菌为硫氧化菌种挂膜于生物滴滤塔,研究其去除能力及产物.通过测定压降、生物量确定挂膜时间,以进出气口浓度变化反映去除效率,测定营养液pH值变化,用SEM电镜扫描、能谱分析、X射线衍射对产物进行分析.结果表明,黄单胞菌挂膜时间为4 d,持续运行,菌种均匀地分布于填料表面;保持气体流量为1 L/min,H_2S气体质量浓度在2 000 mg/m~3以下时,去除率大于90.5%,单位体积最大生化去除量为43.23 g/(m~3·h);以10 d为周期添加营养,系统的pH值在5～7;自然沉降得到的黄色颗粒状沉淀粒径为3.161～31.90 μm;能谱分析表面主要成分为C、O、S,应该为微生物和S系物;X射线衍射分析表明干燥粉末的主要无机物质存在形态为S单质.塔在弱酸环境运行,能减少对装置的腐蚀,营养液中通过物理沉降、过滤、低速离心的简单手段,就能回收产物S单质.     

电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测空气中含硫化合物

建立电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中10种含硫化合物的方法。经考察不同采样容器、优化预处理条件、研究样品保存等获得了最佳实验条件,并通过实际样品的测定,考察了方法的适用性。结果表明:硫化氢、甲硫醇和乙硫醇3种高活性含硫化合物校准曲线线性回归系数在0.990以上,另外7种含硫化合物在0.995以上;高、中、低空白加标样品相对标准偏差均为9.5%以内,乙硫醇由于具有高活性和吸附性,低浓度空白加标回收率为63%,其余组分回收率范围为83%~110%;当进样体积为400 mL时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.2×10^-3~1.1×10^-3 mg/m³。分析污水处理厂无组织排放监控点的空气结果显示,该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能较好地满足目前监测工作的要求。