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51.
Tim Chatterton Stephen Dorling Andrew Lovett Michael Stephenson 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2002,2(5-6):173-187
This study uses a combination of data from U.K. monitoringstations and from modelling undertaken with the U.K.Meteorological Office's NAME Model to investigate therelative influences of primary and secondary particulateson total PM10 levels at sites in the United Kingdom. Co-located PM10 and sulphate aerosol measurementsindicate that sulphate has a disproportionately largeinfluence on the variation of PM10 levels incomparison to its contribution to their total mass.Comparisons of measured PM10 at urban centre, roadsideand rural sites suggest that local primary sources havevery little influence on daily mean levels. NAME has beenused to model both primary particles and sulphate aerosolfrom sources across the whole of Europe. The discrepanciesbetween modelled and observed PM10 suggest that coarseparticles, such as windblown dust and resuspended roaddust,may comprise a very large, if not dominant, proportion ofobserved PM10 levels. The apparently minor role ofprimary particles (especially locally-sourced ones) raisesa number of issues regarding the suitability of current U.K.and European legislation to addressing the particle problem. 相似文献
52.
硫酸锰渣污染土壤中重金属的形态分布及生物活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
测定了硫酸锰渣污染土壤中Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb,Mn的总量和各形态含量.结果表明重金属总量远超过环境背景值和土壤环境二级标准.重金属各形态分布特征:Cu,有机态>残渣态>铁锰氧化态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Zn,残渣态>铁锰氧化态>有机态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Cd,铁锰氧化态>可交换态>碳酸盐态>残渣态>有机态;Pb,铁锰氧化态>残渣态>有机态>碳酸盐态>可交换态;Mn,铁锰氧化态>残渣态>可交换态>有机态>碳酸盐态.重金属的生物可利用性系数和迁移系数均为Cd>Mn>Pb>Cu>Zn. 相似文献
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Shaun A. Watmough Julian Aherne M. Catherine Eimers Peter J. Dillon 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):301-306
In response to reduced sulphur emissions, there has been a large decrease in sulphate (; −0.97 μeq l−1 year−1) and hydrogen (−1.18 μeq l−1 year−1) ion concentration in bulk precipitation between 1980 and 2000 at Plastic Lake in central Ontario. The benefit of this large
reduction in deposition on stream water chemistry was assessed using the gauged outflow from a conifer-forested catchment (PC1; 23.3 ha),
which is influenced by a small wetland located immediately upstream of the outflow. Sulphate concentrations declined, but
not significantly due to large inter-annual variation in concentration. Between 1980 and 2000, there were significant increases in dissolved organic carbon, ammonium and potassium
concentration likely reflecting increased mineralisation in the wetland. Calcium concentrations in PC1 decreased during the
two decade period (−2.24 μeq l−1 year−1), as a consequence there was no improvement in stream pH and the Ca:Al ratio in PC1 continued to decline. A similar response
was noted in an upland-draining sub-catchment of PC1-08 that has been monitored since 1987. Despite large reductions in deposition and almost complete retention of nitrogen in soil, there has been no improvement (in terms of pH) in stream water
at PC1 due to a combination of soil acidification and climatic (droughts, increased mineralisation) perturbations. 相似文献
57.
C. Gemeinhardt S. Müller H. Weigand C. Marb 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(3-4):281-297
Chemical immobilisation of inorganic contaminants by increasing the sorption capacity of soils and/or promoting the formation
of sparingly soluble precipitates may be a cost-effective approach to counteract groundwater pollution. This study focuses
on the enhanced retention of arsenic in two contaminated soils by addition of solid iron(II)sulphate. Four lab-scale column
experiments were performed under unsaturated conditions with subsoil material sampled at a former timber preservation site
and a pigment production plant. Arsenic effluent concentrations indicated 89.9 to 99.8% immobilisation in the treated columns.
Sequential extractions showed a shift in contaminant binding forms towards the iron(hydr)oxide and residual fractions. Possible
immobilisation mechanisms are the precipitation of FeAs phases, the formation of inner sphere complexes, and/or the occlusion
of arsenic in newly formed amorphous/crystalline iron oxides. Bromide breakthrough curves point to the fact that the addition
of iron(II)sulphate only moderately affects soil hydraulic properties. In contrast to reduced emissions of arsenic, increased
seepage water concentrations were observed for other trace elements (e.g., cobalt, nickel, zinc). Mass balances indicate that
this effect is primarily related to the temporary pH-drop caused by the oxidation of ferrous iron. The results show that chemical
immobilisation using iron(II)sulphate is a promising way to protect groundwater quality at sites contaminated with timber
preservation and pigment production remnants. As a prerequisite, optimum amendment levels need to be established and practical/field
tests should be accompanied by a monitoring for a broad range of relevant trace elements. 相似文献
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建立了梯度洗脱离子色谱法同时测定降水样品中的氟离子、乙酸、甲酸、甲基磺酸、氯离子、硝酸根、戊二酸、硫酸根、乙二酸等9种有机酸和无机酸阴离子的测定方法。利用ICS-1000型离子色谱仪配备的淋洗液发生器,产生梯度氢氧化钾溶液,结果显示在20min内很好地完成了9种离子的同时分离测定。该方法的回收率为78.9%~115%,测试的相对标准偏差均〈6.5%。此方法操作简便、准确、实用,是南方地区降水样品较理想的阴离子检测方法。 相似文献