壳聚糖/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸吸附剂对Cu2+、Co2+和Ni2+的吸附选择性和重复利用性

采用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外光谱(FT-IR)对辉光放电电解等离子体(GDEP)技术引发制备的壳聚糖/聚乙二醇/丙烯酸(CS/PEG/AA)聚合物吸附剂的形貌和结构进行了表征.研究了该吸附剂对Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的吸附选择性、重复利用性和解吸动力学行为,同时结合X射线光电子能谱(XPS)探讨了可能的吸附机理.结果表明,CS、PEG和AA发生接枝共聚形成聚合物,其表面呈现疏松、多孔的三维网络结构;吸附最佳pH为4.8;在含有Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)和Ni~(2+)的混合溶液中,CS/PEG/AA对Cu~(2+)有较好的吸附选择性;在EDTA-4Na洗脱液中CS/PEG/AA具有优异的再生和重复利用性,解吸动力学符合解吸准二级模型;Cu~(2+)在CS/PEG/AA上的吸附是由离子交换、配位螯合等共同作用的复杂的物理化学过程.     

高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-LDO的制备及除磷机制

针对污水中磷的去除问题,采用优化后的恒定pH值共沉淀法制备了Mg/Al-layered double hydroxides(Mg/Al-LDHs),经高温焙烧得到高效磷吸附剂Mg/Al-layered double oxide(Mg/Al-LDO);在对其吸附特性研究的基础上,并结合Zeta电位、XRD、FTIR分析吸附前后材料等电点、晶体结构及层间阴离子的变化,探讨Mg/Al-LDO吸附除磷机制.结果表明,采用优化后的共沉淀法,在Mg/Al比为2∶1,焙烧温度450℃,焙烧时间2 h条件下制备出的Mg/Al-LDO对磷酸根吸附性最好,最大吸附容量可达到176.94 mg·g-1,与理论吸附容量191.57 mg·g-1基本一致,远高出Mg/Al-LDHs及其它磷吸附剂.实验数据对准二级反应动力学模型的拟合结果较好,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型.结合Zeta电位、XRD、FTIR的结果推测,Mg/AlLDO吸附除磷主要是通过静电引力、阴离子插层、离子交换、表面配位这4种作用协同完成.     

From illite/smectite clay to mesoporous silicate adsorbent for efficient removal of chlortetracycline from water

A series of mesoporous silicate adsorbents with superior adsorption performance for hazardous chlortetracycline(CTC) were sucessfully prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal reaction using low-cost illite/smectite(IS) clay,sodium silicate and magnesium sulfate as the starting materials.In this process,IS clay was "teared up" and then "rebuilt" as new porous silicate adsorbent with high specific surface area of 363.52 m~2/g(about 8.7 folds higher than that of IS clay) and very negative Zeta potential(- 34.5 mV).The inert Si- O- Si(Mg,Al) bonds in crystal framework of IS were broken to form Si(Al)- O~- groups with good adsorption activity,which greatly increased the adsorption sites served for holding much CTC molecules.Systematic evaluation on adsorption properties reveals the optimal silicate adsorbent can adsorb 408.81 mg/g of CTC(only 159.7 mg/g for raw IS clay) and remove 99.3%(only 46.5%for raw IS clay) of CTC from 100 mg/L initial solution(pH 3.51;adsorption temperature 30℃;adsorbent dosage,3 g/L).The adsorption behaviors of CTC onto the adsorbent follows the Langmuir isotherm model,Temkin equation and pseudo second-order kinetic model.The mesopore adsorption,electrostatic attraction and chemical association mainly contribute to the enhanced adsorption properties.As a whole,the high-efficient silicate adsorbent could be candidates to remove CTC from the wastewater with high amounts of CTC.     

固体添加剂对污泥焚烧过程中重金属迁移行为的影响

利用高温固定管式炉研究了4种固体添加剂(CaO、Al2O3、粉煤灰和高岭土)对污泥焚烧过程中6种重金属(Pb、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn)在底渣中的迁移行为与固化残留特征的影响.结果表明,污泥焚烧过程中4种固体添加剂(CaO、Al2O3、粉煤灰和高岭土)的加入有利于重金属固定并且残留在焚烧底渣中,并且随着固体添加剂添加比例的增多,重金属的残留率也逐渐增加.焚烧温度对固体添加剂吸附重金属的效果有很大影响,其中重金属自身熔点、沸点及重金属在污泥中的赋存形态是决定其挥发性的一个重要因素.不同固体添加剂对不同重金属迁移的抑制效果有很大差异,从控制重金属挥发角度来看,固体添加剂高岭土和CaO要优于其他固体添加剂.固体添加剂活性中心与重金属化合物分子的相互作用取决于这些活性位的分布及重金属的化学性质.     

回用蒸煮黑液、实现达标排放

精制棉生产时产生的蒸煮黑液中含有大量的棉超短绒、果胶、油脂、棉蜡、木糖等,色度大于2000倍,CODCr质量浓度高达6000mg/L以上,生化性差,难处理。若将蒸煮黑液预处理,高浓度回收利用,低浓度与洗涤废水混合经厌氧、好氧、混凝处理后,不但出水水质达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,而且大大降低了投资和运行费用。     

聚硫醚纤维素对持久性污染物的吸附特性

棉纤维在碱存在下与环硫氯丙烷发生醚化反应,合成了一种新型环境功能材料--聚硫醚纤维素(PTCC),并研究了PTCC的理化性能及其对持久性污染物的吸附性能.结果显示,PTCC化学性质比其它含硫纤维素衍生物稳定,抗氧化和抗紫外照射能力均优于其它含硫纤维素.暴露于空气中1个月,其含硫量保持不变;室温下,中性水溶液中浸泡5d,其水解百分率小于2%.PTCC对重金属离子和阳离子有机物具有很强的吸附作用,其饱和吸附容量分别为:Hg2+364 mg·g-1、Ag+291 mg·g-1、氯化十六烷基吡啶219 mg·g-1、阳离子红X-GRL 321 mg·g-1、维多利亚艳蓝B0 373mg·g-1.常见的共存离子对于PTCC的吸附容量没有明显的影响.PTCC对污染物的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和二级吸附动力学方程,吸附符合单分子层吸附理论.吸附Hg2+、Ag+后的聚硫醚纤维素用氨水洗脱,再生后可以循环利用.PTCC是一种性能优良的新型环境功能材料,具有很好的应用前景.     

新型介孔吸附剂的制备及吸附性能

采用挥发诱导自组装(EISA)技术,以乙醇为溶剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂,合成了孔径为5.4nm的巯基功能化介孔材料,并用FTIR、EA、N2吸附-脱附和XRD分析技术对介孔材料进行了表征.同时,以Cr3+、Pb2+为目标污染物,考察了介孔吸附剂对污染物的吸附性能.结果表明,介孔吸附剂的吸附性能受pH值(初始与终态值)、振荡时间、温度和重金属离子初始浓度的影响显著.在T=303K、pH=5、振荡时间为1h,振荡频率为150r·min-1,污染物初始浓度低于0.4mmol·L-1时,吸附剂对Cr3+、Pb2+的去除率分别在85%和90%以上.介孔吸附剂对Cu2+、Pb2+的等温吸附行为与Langmuir模型相吻合(R2>0.992).     

复合吸附材料TLA的制备及其砷氟共除性能的研究

以硫酸钛、硝酸镧和活性炭为原料,制备了新型的TLA复合吸附剂.比较了TLA和活性氧化铝除砷除氟吸附等温线、吸附动力学和pH对除砷除氟效果的影响;通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对吸附剂进行了表征,并对吸附机理进行了探讨.结果表明,TLA对砷氟的吸附容量显著优于活性氧化铝.在pH为7,砷氟单独存在时,TLA对砷和氟的Langmuir吸附容量分别是30.3mg.g-1和27.8mg.g-1;当砷氟共存时,TLA对砷和氟的Langmuir吸附容量分别是25.1mg.g-1和17.0mg.g-1.TLA对砷、氟的吸附符合拟二级动力学方程.溶液pH值显著影响砷、氟去除效果.电荷分布多位络合模型(Charge-distribution multisite complexation model,CDMUSIC)能准确模拟砷、氟的吸附行为.     

壳聚糖-g-聚丙烯酸/海泡石复合物对Pb2+的去除性能研究

制备了一种壳聚糖接枝聚丙烯酸/海泡石复合吸附剂,考察了吸附剂对Pb2+吸附的pH依赖性、吸附等温线、吸附动力学以及吸附剂的重复使用性能.结果表明,聚丙烯酸成功接枝到壳聚糖骨架上,形成有机-无机复合吸附剂.吸附剂表面呈现粗糙多孔、凹凸不平的形貌,有利于吸附体系更快达到吸附平衡.在pH=6.00、吸附时间30 min、Pb2+溶液初始浓度0.02 mol.L-1和吸附剂用量0.10 g的条件下,复合吸附剂对Pb2+的平衡吸附量达到638.9 mg.g-1,约为海泡石的3倍.重复吸附-脱附5次,复合吸附剂对Pb2+的吸附量下降到489.2 mg.g-1,仍可达初始吸附量的76.6%,而海泡石使用3次之后即对Pb2+丧失吸附性能.与海泡石相比,复合吸附剂具有更高的吸附容量、更快的吸附速率和更好的重复使用性能.     

Heavy metals removal from aqueous solution using carbonaceous K_2S-impregnated adsorbent

A novel carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metal removal was prepared from raw coal by one-step simple sulfur impregnation using K_2S. Raw coal was mixed with K_2S powder and then heated at 800℃ for 30 min in nitrogen to produce K_2S char. The sulfur content and form in K_2S char were determined, and the ability of K_2S char to adsorb Zn~(2+), Cd~(2+) and Pb~(2+) was examined. The K_2S impregnation was effective at impregnating sulfur into coal, especially in the form of elemental, thiophenic and sulfatic sulfur. The sulfur content of K_2S char was higher than those of raw coal and pyrolysis char. The Zn~(2+) removal in 2.4 mmol/L of Zn~(2+) solution by K_2S char was higher than raw coal with the removal rate of 100%. K_2S char adsorbed Pb~(2+) and Cd~(2+) in 24 mmol/L of Pb~(2+) and Cd~(2+) solution with the removal rate of 97 % and 35 %, respectively. The elution extents of adsorbed Pb~(2+) and Cd~(2+) were zero in distilled water and 27% in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. These results indicated that an effective adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared from coal using K_2S sulfur impregnation, and that the adsorbed metals were strongly retained in K_2S char.