轮叶黑藻对铅的吸附特征及生物吸附机理研究

研究了轮叶黑藻对重金属铅的吸附特征,同时对吸附机理进行探讨.动力学研究结果表明,轮叶黑藻对铅有较快的吸附能力,10min后铅的去除率达到74.54%;20min后,吸附达到平衡.整个吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程(R2=0.9910).Sips和Langmuir模型相比Freundlich而言,有着较好的拟合效果,表明轮叶黑藻对重金属铅的吸附属于单层吸附,相邻铅离子间的相互干扰可以忽略不计.红外光谱分析表明:轮叶黑藻叶片富含多种活性基团,羟基、羰基和羧基、C–O及C–N为主要作用基团.吸附铅后,轮叶黑藻叶片内K、Na、Ca、Mg含量明显下降,表明铅离子因产生离子交换而被吸附,且铅离子更易与二价的Ca和Mg产生离子交换.     

Light induced transformation of isoprothiolane on glass,soil, and plant surface

Photolysis of isoprothiolane (di-isopropyl 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate) was studied as a thin film on glass surface, soil surface, and plant surface. Three photoproducts, namely 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenepropane, 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonic acid, and 1,3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemethane have been identified on the basis of GC-MS method. The major route of photodegradation of this compound is through the de-esterification process, followed by de-carboxylation and rearrangement. The rate of photodegradation in all cases followed first-order kinetics with a statistically significant correlation coefficient.     

Inactivation of bacteria by sun light in a solar reactor with Immobilised TiO2

The photocatalytical inactivation of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis,...) in the flow‐through plate solar reactor by sunlight was investigated. The low stability of bacteria in the reactor was attributed to bacteria sensitivity to mixing and/or gas bubbling. Sunlight inactivation proceeds with sufficient rate even under cloudy conditions.     

DC反应器处理中药废水过程中出水的光谱分析

采用三维荧光(EEM)与傅立叶红外(FTIR)光谱技术,对不同运行条件下,新型双循环(DC)厌氧反应器处理中药废水的出水情况进行了分析,以期为厌氧反应器的有效监控提供新思路.结果表明,在HRT为24h时,COD去除率为94%左右,平均产气率达到0.37m3CH4/kgCOD,出水的EEM光谱中,Ex/Em=420/470nm处出现了明显的辅酶F420吸收峰;而HRT减少为12h后,虽然COD去除率仍达到90%左右,但出水EEM光谱中,辅酶F420的吸收峰有所降低,并出现了类富里酸的吸收峰,表明不宜再继续减少HRT.当温度由30oC降低为20oC时,温度的变化影响了厌氧污泥的性状,使得出水的FTIR光谱中3400cm-1处的吸收峰由原来的钝峰变为尖峰.而在进水中添加大黄酸后,造成了反应器内有机酸的累积,产甲烷菌活性受到严重影响,出水的EEM光谱中,腐殖酸与类富里酸的吸收峰显著增强.     

岗南水库沉积物溶解性有机物光谱时空分布特征及环境意义

为探究岗南水库沉积物溶解性有机物（DOM）的时空演变机制,本文使用紫外-可见光谱（UV-vis）和三维荧光光谱-区域积分法（EEM-FRI）,分析了岗南水库沉积物DOM的来源及分布特征.结果表明：岗南水库夏季沉积物DOM的相对浓度显著高于春季、秋季以及冬季（p<0.05）;E₂/E₃值显示岗南水库沉积物DOM分子量为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季;各采样点的紫外可见光谱特征指数存在显著的季节差异（p<0.001）.荧光区域积分显示各组分存在显著的季节差异（p<0.001）,采样点的空间差异不明显（p>0.05）;易降解类物质占比大于腐殖质物质,并呈现出显著的季节差异（p<0.05）,占比大小为春季>夏季>冬季>秋季.沉积物DOM具有高的荧光指数（FI指数均>2.0）以及低腐殖化指数（HIX指数大多数<4.0）,表明岗南水库沉积物DOM呈现出低腐殖化、较强自生源的特征.荧光区域积分各组分与三维荧光光谱指数的相关性表明,易降解类物质（P1、P2、P4以及P1+P2+P4）与BIX、β：α、以及Fn280呈现显著正相关（p<0.05）,与HIX以及Fn355呈现显著负相关（p<0.05）;类腐殖质物质（P3、P5以及P3+P5）呈现出与之相反的变化趋势.聚类分析显示易降解类物质与腐殖质物质明显被分离为两部分.与此同时,综合冗余分析（RDA）、层次聚类分析（HP）、随机森林分析（RF）、集成回归树分析以及多元回归分析,发现氨氮、溶解性总氮、pH值以及温度是影响沉积物DOM荧光区域积分组分演变的关键环境因子.     

Online recognition of drainage type based on UV-vis spectra and derivative neural network algorithm

• UV-vis absorption analyzer was applied in drainage type online recognition. • The UV-vis spectrum of four drainage types were collected and evaluated. • A convolutional neural network with multiple derivative inputs was established. • Effects of different network structures and input contents were compared. Optimizing sewage collection is important for water pollution control and wastewater treatment plants quality and efficiency improvement. Currently, the urban drainage pipeline network is upgrading to improve its classification and collection ability. However, there is a lack of efficient online monitoring and identification technology. UV-visible absorption spectrum probe is considered as a potential monitoring method due to its small size, reagent-free and fast detection. Because the performance parameters of probe like optic resolution, dynamic interval and signal-to-noise ratio are weak and high turbidity of sewage raises the noise level, it is necessary to extract shape features from the turbidity disturbed drainage spectrum for classification purposes. In this study, drainage network samples were online collected and tested, and four types were labeled according to sample sites and environment situation. Derivative spectrum were adopted to amplify the shape features, while convolutional neural network algorithm was established to conduct nonlinear spectrum classification. Influence of input and network structure on classification accuracy was compared. Original spectrum, first-order derivative spectrum and a combination of both were set to be three different inputs. Artificial neural network with or without convolutional layer were set be two different network structures. The results revealed a convolutional neural network combined with inputs of first and zero-order derivatives was proposed to have the best classification effect on domestic sewage, mixed rainwater, rainwater and industrial sewage. The recognition rate of industrial wastewater was 100%, and the recognition rate of domestic sewage and rainwater mixing system were over 90%.     

基于抛物线内插的反应谱计算公式及其精度分析

基于反应谱的基本概念,对基于抛物线内插法的反应谱计算公式进行了严格的推导,并给出了详细的显式表达式,建立了当计算时间等步长离散时的基于抛物线内插法的反应谱计算连锁公式。通过对比简谐波输入时的反应谱计算结果,证明基于抛物线内插法的连锁公式的计算结果比广泛应用的反应谱计算方法"精确法"计算的结果更接近于解析解,有更高的计算精度。同时对多条实际记录的地震加速度时程进行了反应谱对比计算,结果表明该公式在计算反应谱时也是稳定的。作者同时发现,"精确法"计算的反应谱值与实际值相比一般是偏小的。     

强化日光/H_2O_2光解脱色酸性黑染料的动力学

在H2O2存在条件下,对酸性黑染料进行强化日光照射处理,研究了染料初始浓度、pH值、光照强度、不同阴离子等因素对酸性黑染料废水脱色的动力学影响。结果表明,染料光解脱色速率随光照强度的增加而增加,但在较高光强下时,降解速率增加并不明显。酸性黑在酸性媒介的光解脱色速率比碱性媒介略大。除SO42-离子外,实验范围内的其它Br-、NO3-、Cl-和NO2-等阴离子,均对降解速率有负影响,其中NO2-对脱色降解速率影响最显著。处理前后的UV-Vis谱图分析表明酸性黑在强化日光/H2O2光解处理中脱色是因为染料发生氧化光降作用。     

浒苔反射光谱库系统设计与实现

浒苔光谱特征是遥感之本,可为浒苔灾害的遥感实时监测与预警研究提供重要基础数据。本文基于Delphi开发工具和Interbase数据库平台,采用"面向应用"的系统开发方法,运用dbExpress、DataSnap技术和TeeChart组件,设计并实现了浒苔反射光谱数据库系统,利用本系统可以实现对海量浒苔光谱数据及其属性信息的共享、信息查询、可视化分析和管理等功能。     

ATR-FTIR and XPS study on the structure of complexes formed upon the adsorption of simple organic acids on aluminum hydroxide

Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.