火电厂冷却池热污染治理初探

通过系统的模型试验,以色水为示踪剂模拟热水,探讨排、取水口分列式布置的三维时间连续点源如何采用工程设施转换成无限长二维面源,以利用水面热交换解决火电厂冷却池热污染的治理问题。给出了出流近区流速分布及流量沿程变化的近似计算式。此研究成果对挖掘冷却池散热潜力,增加电厂装机容量具有实用推广价值     

壳聚糖絮凝剂对聚合氯化铝的助凝作用

以壳聚糖絮凝剂作为聚合氯化铝(PAC)的助凝剂,絮凝处理颐和园昆明湖湖水,考察了PAC在壳聚糖助凝作用下对浊度和有机物的去除效果,以及水中残留铝浓度的变化．结果表明,壳聚糖对PAC的助凝作用显著,PAC中加入壳聚糖絮凝剂后,浊度和有机物去除率均明显提高．     

A comprehensive review of the energy efficiency on nano coated fin and tube condenser

The condenser is a piece of equipment used to effectively transfer heat from water to the environment. The fin and tube condenser is the most commonly used in commercial applications. The improved performance of heat transfer in the fin and tube condenser is a significant area of study all over the world because optimizing the efficiency of heat transfer in the condenser will contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of system performance. The vapor deposition, plasma spray, and thermal spray techniques are being used, and it is determined that a heat transfer enhancing coating improves condenser performance. This review discusses the nanomaterial coating over the fin and tube condenser in detail. The various nanomaterial coatings with various propositions and coating methods had been discussed with the evidence of previous researchers. At a 50-degree inclination angle on the condensate plate, the condensate over the coating surface increases by more than 30%. The thermal properties of the working fluid are improved over the condenser, and the overall effectiveness of the condenser is increased by approximately 40% over the non-coated condenser. A 1% volumetric concentration of Nanoparticles in the coated material achieves a maximum efficiency increase of 78.7%.     

花山岩画渗水病害机理及环境治理对策

根据花山岩画区的水文地质与工程地质条件,分析了渗水病害的类型、危害及其形成机理。按水在崖壁上的运移方式将花山岩画的渗水病害分为裂隙渗水和面流水,着重分析了它们各自的危害和机理,提出了防渗堵漏、建立地表排水系统、修建立壁遮挡檐等防治对策。     

Urban Air Pollution Patterns, Land Use, and Thermal Landscape: An Examination of the Linkage Using GIS

This article investigates the relationship of local air pollution pattern with urban land use and with urban thermal landscape using a GIS approach. Ambient air quality measurements for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, total suspended particles, and dust level were obtained for Guangzhou City in South China between 1981 and 2000. Landsat TM images and aerial photo derived maps were used to examine city's land use and land cover at different times and changes. Landsat thermal infrared data were employed to compute land surface temperatures and to assess urban thermal patterns. Relationships among the spatial patterns of air pollution, land use, and thermal landscape were sought through GIS and correlation analyses. Results show that the spatial patterns of air pollutants probed were positively correlated with urban built-up density, and with satellite derived land surface temperature values, particularly with measurements taken during the summer. It is suggested that further studies investigate the mechanisms of this linkage, and that remote sensing of air pollution delves into how the energy interacts with the atmosphere and the environment and how sensors see pollutants. Thermal infrared imagery could play a unique role in monitoring and modeling atmospheric pollution.     

聚四氟乙烯覆膜滤料的特性与应用

介绍了覆膜滤料的特性与应用,覆膜滤料与传统滤料相比较所具有的优点.提出在许多复杂的烟气治理中应大力推广使用覆膜滤料以满足生产要求和达到日益严格的环保排放标准,从而改善环境质量,节能降耗.     

涂铁石英砂吸附水中Cr（Ⅵ）的研究

采用静态吸附和动态过滤的试验方法研究了涂铁石英砂（IOCS）滤料对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的去除,并探讨其吸附机理。研究结果表明,Cr（Ⅵ）在IOCS上的吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附模型。经氧化铁改性滤料表面电位带正电荷,对水中的Cr（Ⅵ）有良好的去除效果。pH值对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除影响较大,随着溶液的pH值升高,滤料表面电位减小,Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附率也减小。IOCS滤料去除Cr（Ⅵ）机理主要为静电吸附。     

Daily Updating of Operational Statistical Seasonal Water Supply Forecasts for the western U.S.1

Abstract: Official seasonal water supply outlooks for the western United States are typically produced once per month from January through June. The Natural Resources Conservation Service has developed a new outlook product that allows the automated production and delivery of this type of forecast year‐round and with a daily update frequency. Daily snow water equivalent and water year‐to‐date precipitation data from multiple SNOTEL stations are combined using a statistical forecasting technique (“Z‐Score Regression”) to predict seasonal streamflow volume. The skill of these forecasts vs. lead‐time is comparable to the official published outlooks. The new product matches the intra‐monthly trends in the official forecasts until the target period is partly in the past, when the official forecasts begin to use information about observed streamflows to date. Geographically, the patterns of skill also match the official outlooks, with highest skill in Idaho and southern Colorado and lowest skill in the Colorado Front Range, eastern New Mexico, and eastern Montana. The direct and frequent delivery of objective guidance to users is a significant new development in the operational hydrologic seasonal forecasting community.     

A field experiment with variable-suction multi-compartment samplers to measure the spatio-temporal distribution of solute leaching in an agricultural soil

Solutes spread out in time and space as they move downwards from the soil surface with infiltrating water. Solute monitoring in the field is often limited to observations of resident concentrations, while flux concentrations govern the movement of solutes in soils. A recently developed multi-compartment sampler is capable of measuring fluxes at a high spatial resolution with minimal disturbance of the local pressure head field. The objective of this paper is to use this sampler to quantify the spatial and temporal variation of solute leaching below the root zone in an agricultural field under natural rainfall in winter and spring. We placed two samplers at 31 and 25 cm depth in an agricultural field, leaving the soil above undisturbed. Each sampler contained 100 separate cells of 31 × 31 mm. Water fluxes were measured every 5 min for each cell. We monitored leaching of a chloride pulse under natural rainfall by frequently extracting the collected leachate while leaving the samplers buried in situ. This experiment was followed by a dye tracer experiment. This setting yielded information that widely surpassed the information that can be provided by separate anionic and dye tracer trials, and solute transport monitoring by coring or suction cups. The detailed information provided by the samplers showed that percolation at the sampling depth started much faster (approximately 3 h after the start of rainfall) in initially wet soil (pressure head above − 65 cm) than in drier soil (more than 14 h at pressure heads below − 80 cm). At any time, 25% of the drainage passed through 5–6% of the sampled area, reflecting the effect of heterogeneity on the flow paths. The amount of solute carried by individual cells varied over four orders of magnitude. The lateral concentration differences were limited though. This suggests a convective–dispersive regime despite the short vertical travel distance. On the other hand, the dilution index indicates a slight tendency towards stochastic–convective transport at this depth. There was no evidence in the observed drainage patterns and dye stained profiles of significant disturbance of the flow field by the samplers.     

改性铁覆膜砂的制备及吸附性能研究

制备了4种改性铁覆膜砂,并对其吸附性能进行了全面的实验,分析比较了4种改性剂的作用和效果.实验中发现,添加改性剂对铁覆膜砂吸附性能的促进作用各不相同,改性剂和铁氧化物的性质共同决定了改性铁覆膜砂的性质.吸附等温线和连续动态过滤实验结果表明,活性炭和硅藻土对提高铁覆膜砂吸附性能有促进作用,但膨润土和粉煤灰的作用不明显,甚至还可能降低吸附容量.活性炭改性铁覆膜砂的吸附等温式符合Langmuir模型,硅藻土改性铁覆膜砂、膨润土改性铁覆膜砂和粉煤灰改性铁覆膜砂对Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型都有较好的相关性.改性铁覆膜砂对天然有机物(NOM)的吸附属于单分子层吸附,吸附的主要机理为静电相互作用、配位交换-表面络合作用和疏水/憎水作用等.溶液pH值对改性铁覆膜砂吸附NOM有很大的影响,表现为低"pH值去除效率高,高pH值去除效率低"的特点,其变化规律取决于添加物质的性质.磷酸盐会和腐殖酸在改性铁覆膜砂表面产生竞争吸附,磷酸盐对粉煤灰改性铁覆膜砂的吸附能力影响最大.