Recent developments of surface complexation models applied to environmental aquatic chemistry

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密切值法在地面水环境质量评价中的应用

论述了密切值评价法在环境质量评价中的应用原理和评价的方法与步骤 ,并结合工程项目的地面水环境质量评价 ,详细地计算了环境监测断面中主要污染因子的密切值 ,针对地面水各个断面的水质质量进行了综合评价。指出了该评价方法推广使用的优点与理论价值     

利用粉煤灰制备高纯超细氧化铝粉体的研究

利用粉煤灰为原料制备高纯超细氧化铝粉体。给出了采用硅酸二钙晶相转变自粉化、高效分散剂———碳化法从粉煤灰中制备氧化铝方法的工艺路线 ,确定了从粉煤灰制备高纯超细氧化铝粉体的最佳工艺条件 ,为粉煤灰的高价值利用开辟了一条新途径     

基于VFP的冷冲模模架数据管理系统的实现

以VFP(Visual FoxPro5.0)为开发平台，自行开发了冷冲模模架数据管理系统。之中简要介绍了VFP的主要特点，重点阐述了面向对象模架数据管理系统实现的主要技术。     

锰砂表面改性去除酚类化合物的研究

本文叙述了锰砂表面改性(以下简称旧锰砂)处理含酚饮用水的实验研究,陈酚率可达99％。本实验对除酚因素(温度、pH值、流速和接触时间等)进行了实验研究。当进水酚浓度≤2.0mg/l时,经旧锰砂的吸附,可使酚浓度≤0.002mg/l。     

Stability analysis of alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater by a catalyzed Fe-Cu treatment process

Iron and copper bimetallic system (catalyzed Fe-Cu process) is a promising technology for alkaline nitrobenzene-containing wastewater treatment. However, little is currently known about the changes of treatment efficiency with time going. This research investigated the long-term performance of the catalyzed Fe-Cu process to reduce nitrobenzene (NB) in alkaline wastewater. In addition, the changes of the metal surfaces morphologies and matters before and after the reaction were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The results showed that the surface properties of copper almost remained unchanged after weeks of operation, which spelled its strong chemical stability and resistance to poisoning. Moreover, the results indicated that there were two reasons for the treatment efficiency decreasing with time. One was the gradual iron element consumption due to corrosion. The other was iron reactivity weakened due to the precipitates accumulation on the surfaces that were mainly Fe₃O₄ and FeCO. __________ Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2006, 28(10): 783–785 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

稀土生产废水对四道沙河、西河和黄河水质的影响

本文通过大量的环境现状调查，论述了包头市稀土湿法生产企业废水污染物排放情况以及对接纳水体四道沙河、西河和黄河包头段水质的影响及变化趋势。针对存在的环境问题，提出了防治污染的对策与建议。     

底泥盐分释放对北塘水库水质成化的影响

为研究南水北调通水后,水源改变及水库调度对底泥盐分释放的影响,2005年7月,取0～60cm深度的北塘水库原状底泥样品,在实验室内模拟分析不同底泥含盐量、不同蓄水水质及水位变动和扰动条件下底泥氯化物释放规律。结果表明,底泥中Cl~-含量为0.043%,释放强度为0.12g/m~2·d,Cl~-含量越高,释放强度越大。在底泥含盐量相同的条件下,蓄去离子水的底泥Cl~-释放强度是蓄水库水的1.87倍。扰动状态下,底泥中的Cl~-有5.0%～9.5%释放出来,高于静止状态的3.2%～5.6%。水库运行水位发生变化,将影响底泥盐分的释放。1.0m水深条件下Cl~-的释放量是1.5m水深的5.8倍。水库四周地下水中Cl~-浓度为8.0×10~3～4.2×10~4mg/L,远高于目前水库水的Cl~-浓度。因此,一定要避免水库在低于设计低水位和周边地下水水位的条件下运行,防止底泥盐分释放及地下水反向补给造成水库水质的成化。     

煤矿区表层土壤中芳香烃组成、分布特征及标志化合物研究

采用GC-MS技术分析了平顶山市石龙区土壤样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染物的化学组成及分布特征,共鉴定出78种代表性化合物,包括11种US EPA优控PAHs.结果表明,总体上土壤样品中单体烃菲、荧蒽、芴、芘含量比较高.在不同功能区域芳烃含量差别较大,采矿区及焦化厂区土壤中芳烃含量明显高于污灌区和农业区,而煤矸石山附近土壤中芳烃含量最高.采矿区、焦化厂区和污灌区土壤中低环数PAHs的比例远大于高环数PAHs,农业区反之.通过对(ρ)MP/(ρ)P、MPI1、(ρ)P/(ρ)A、(ρ)FL/(ρ)PY等参数值的分析认为,煤尘、烟灰沉降是石龙区土壤中PAHs积累的主要影响因素.由单体烃与PAHs的相关性分析得知,苊和蒽可作为煤矿区域表层土壤中PAHs的标志性污染物.     

NUTRIENT LOADING ASSESSMENT IN THE ILLINOIS RIVER USING A SYNTHETIC APPROACH1

ABSTRACT: A synthetic relationship is developed between nutrient concentrations and discharge rates at two river gauging sites in the Illinois River Basin. Analysis is performed on data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) on nutrients in 1990 through 1997 and 1999 and on discharge rates in 1988 through 1997 and 1999. The Illinois River Basin is in western Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma and is designated as an Oklahoma Scenic River. Consistently high nutrient concentrations in the river and receiving water bodies conflict with recreational water use, leading to intense stakeholder debate on how best to manage water quality. Results show that the majority of annual phosphorus (P) loading is transported by direct runoff, with high concentrations transported by high discharge rates and low concentrations by low discharge rates. A synthetic relationship is derived and used to generate daily phosphorus concentrations, laying the foundation for analysis of annual loading and evaluation of alternative management practices. Total nitrogen (N) concentration does not have as clear a relationship with discharge. Using a simple regression relationship, annual P loadings are estimated as having a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 39.8 t/yr and 31.9 t/yr and mean absolute percentage errors of 19 percent and 28 percent at Watts and Tahlequah, respectively. P is the limiting nutrient over the full range of discharges. Given that the majority of P is derived from Arkansas, management practices that control P would have the most benefit if applied on the Arkansas side of the border.