色谱质谱联用技术在一起农药污染事故应急监测中的应用

在一起污染源应急事故中,色谱质谱联用技术在确定污染源类型,并快速做出准确定性定量分析中发挥了重要作用。通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术,首先确定可能污染物类型为三嗪类化合物;之后,通过液相色谱-串连质谱全扫描,推断可能为三嗪类除草剂——甲磺隆。正、负ESI子离子全扫描后图谱与甲磺隆标准物质图谱相对照,完全吻合。最后,通过SRM模式下对380.0→139.0的母、子离子选择反应监测,测定了农田灌溉水源和土壤中甲磺隆的含量。     

住宅遭受交通噪声污染时开发商应承担的民事责任初探

从分析住宅遭受交通噪声污染时开发商民事责任的性质入手,探讨了现行声环境质量标准对开发商的适用性和合理性,阐明了开发商的责任范围,提出了完善住宅声环境质量标准的建议。主要结论:目前我国尚缺乏合理的约束开发商的住宅声环境质量标准;开发商的隔声减噪义务主要包括留出与道路之间的防噪距离和采取安装隔声窗、封闭阳台等隔声措施;应将门窗封闭状态下的室内噪声限值颁布为住宅声环境质量标准。     

层燃螺旋炉排焚烧技术处理含油污泥研究

通过对几种含油污泥无害化处理技术的比选,分析不同处理技术物耗、能耗情况,优选出经济有效的含油污泥焚烧技术,结合新疆油田含油污泥的特点,采用层燃螺旋炉排焚烧技术,利用其燃烧热能生产蒸汽用于原油生产,采用余热吸收急冷与碱液半干法除酸技术,有效控制了二次污染;采用布袋除尘与烟尘固化技术确保了烟气达标排放。年节省成本支出3095.88万元。     

事故状态下污染物排放对水环境影响的预测研究

对辽河油田欢喜岭采油厂在事故状态下污染物排放对大凌河水域环境的影响进行预测研究。计算了洪水淹没、油罐冒顶泄漏、油井井喷泄漏、联合站泄漏、管道泄漏、暴雨径流带走落地油等16种情景下对该河流水质的影响情况,并建立数学模型,进行情景模拟。研究结果表明,事故状态下对大凌河水质影响的次序由大到小依次为:洪水淹没、油罐冒顶泄漏、油井井喷泄漏、联合站泄漏、管道泄漏、暴雨径流。     

重庆天然气净化总厂污染减排管理及措施建议

文章就重庆天然气净化总厂近年来围绕可持续发展战略,针对净化总厂主要污染物废水、废气、固体废物,在工程技术改造、提高管理等方面所采取的污染减排措施和取得的成效进行归纳总结;并对净化总厂进一步的污染减排工作进行分析,提出切实可行的污染减排对策建议。     

新疆油田污染减排措施与效果分析

针对新疆油田公司的污染减排目标,结合油田实际,剖析了当前制约新疆油田污染减排的主要因素,通过有针对性地实施技术改造、结构调整、清洁生产等措施,取得了显著的污染减排效果,为今后污染减排工作提供了有益的建议。     

工业污染治理投资完成状况分析研究——以我国沿海省市为例

运用多元统计中的主成分分析法和系统聚类法对我国东部地区工业污染的治理投资完成情况进行了分析。根据主成分分析结果,对选取的11个省市进行分类,并在此基础上提出加强各区域环境污染治理的几点建议。     

Combining a finite mixture distribution model with indicator kriging to delineate and map the spatial patterns of soil heavy metal pollution in Chunghua County, central Taiwan

This study identifies the natural background, anthropogenic background and distribution of contamination caused by heavy metal pollutants in soil in Chunghua County of central Taiwan by using a finite mixture distribution model (FMDM). The probabilities of contaminated area distribution are mapped using single-variable indicator kriging and multiple-variable indicator kriging (MVIK) with the FMDM cut-off values and regulation thresholds for heavy metals. FMDM results indicate that Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn can be individually fitted by a mixture model representing the background and contamination distributions of the four metals in soil. The FMDM cut-off values for contamination caused by the metals are close to the regulation thresholds, except for the cut-off value of Zn. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve validates that indicator kriging and MVIK with FMDM cut-off values can reliably delineate heavy metals contamination, particularly for areas lacking background information and high heavy metal concentrations in soil.     

Effects of ammonia from livestock farming on lichen photosynthesis

This study investigated if atmospheric ammonia (NH₃) pollution around a sheep farm influences the photosynthetic performance of the lichens Evernia prunastri and Pseudevernia furfuracea. Thalli of both species were transplanted for up to 30 days in a semi-arid region (Crete, Greece), at sites with concentrations of atmospheric ammonia of ca. 60 μg/m³ (at a sheep farm), ca. 15 μg/m³ (60 m from the sheep farm) and ca. 2 μg/m³ (a remote area 5 km away). Lichen photosynthesis was analysed by the chlorophyll a fluorescence emission to identify targets of ammonia pollution. The results indicated that the photosystem II of the two lichens exposed to NH₃ is susceptible to this pollutant in the gas-phase. The parameter PI_ABS, a global index of photosynthetic performance that combines in a single expression the three functional steps of the photosynthetic activity (light absorption, excitation energy trapping, and conversion of excitation energy to electron transport) was much more sensitive to NH₃ than the F_V/F_M ratio, one of the most commonly used stress indicators.     

The contribution of ship emissions to air pollution in the North Sea regions

As a consequence of the global distribution of manufacturing sites and the increasing international division of labour, ship traffic is steadily increasing and is becoming more and more important as an origin of air pollution.This study investigates the impact of ship emissions in coastal areas of the North Sea under conditions of the year 2000 by means of a regional chemistry transport model which runs on a sufficiently high resolution to study air pollution in coastal regions. It was found that northern Germany and Denmark in summer suffer from more than 50% higher sulphate, nitrate and ammonium aerosol concentrations due to contributions from ships. The implementation of a sulphur emission control area (SECA) in the North Sea, as it was implemented at the end of 2007, directly results in reduced sulphur dioxide and sulphate aerosol concentrations while nitrate aerosol concentrations are slightly increased.