PHB/V in Extrusion Coating of Paper and Paperboard: Part I: Study of Functional Properties

Extrusion-coating experiments were carried out in the pilot line at Tampere Univesity of Technology (Institute of Paper Converting). Typical paper and paperboard substrates were coated with commercially produced 3-hydroxybutyrate/3-hydroxyvalerate. The resulting physical properties of extrusion-coated composite structures were studied. Adhesion between PHB/V and a fiber-based substrate was rather poor, regardless of typically used pretreatments (corona and flame). On the other hand, adhesion was sufficient (mode of failure was fiber tear as the materials were separated) when the substrate was primed with an acrylic-based primer. The surface energy and polarity of PHB/V were much higher than the respective ones of LDPE. Curling of PHB/V was reduced by the addition of wax or tall oil rosin into the base polymer.     

钢线拉丝及表面处理生产线成套装备

主要论述了一种钢线拉丝及表面处理生产线成套装备的设计。该生产线的生产方式是多根钢线在牵引动力系统的作用下依次穿过各种处理设备,完成各道工序,实现钢线完成表面处理的目的。这个生产过程中,钢线可以完成放线、脱脂、退火、镀镍、造膜、烘干及收线一体化的工序。采用立体式布置,空间利用更为合理。     

霍邱县城湖泊沉积物重金属环境容量评价与预测

为阐明霍邱县城西湖和城东湖沉积物重金属的环境容量，在城西湖和城东湖各采集了30件沉积物样品，运用综合环境容量指数法(PI),研究了城西湖和城东湖沉积物重金属环境容量特征及空间分布规律，估算了静态和动态环境容量，预测了近百年的变化趋势.结果表明，城西湖和城东湖沉积物中As、 Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Hg、 Ni、 Pb和Zn含量均值未超过国家规定的土壤风险筛选值；城西湖和城东湖沉积物各重金属元素单项环境容量指数平均值大小分别为：Ni(0.81)相似文献   

ESTIMATION OF LONG-TERM DISCHARGE STATISTICS BY REGIONAL ADJUSTMENT1

ABSTRACT: A regional adjustment relationship was developed to estimate long-term (30-year) monthly median discharges from short term (three-year) records. This method differs from traditional approaches in that it is based on site-specific discharge data but does not require correlation of these data with discharges from a single hydrologically similar long-term gage. The method is shown to be statistically robust, and applicable to statistics other than the median.     

地下铁矿扩界开采地表影响范围预测

矿山开采活动形成的地下空区往往会对地表造成一定的影响,为确保矿山的安全生产并提供地表影响范围计算的科学依据,现根据某铁矿采用下向胶结充填法采矿需进行扩界开采的工程实际,将该矿的地表影响范围运用概率积分法进行预测。在已知该矿9条勘探线矿体形状的基础上,根据图件可得矿体的埋深、倾角、产状等基础资料,对于较薄矿体以及尖灭部位需做适当的处理,提供更为客观正确的计算数据。以地表沉陷数值的大小为参考标准运用概率积分法计算出地表移动边界和需监测范围,并计算倾斜、曲率和水平应变判断地表建筑物是否位于安全区。可得矿区周边房屋均处于安全区内和地表移动边界之外,扩界开采对地表影响较小,为同类工程提供参考和建议。     

沿面放电氧活性物质注入协同SCR脱除烟气中NO_x

为了提高选择性催化还原(SCR)在低温区(200℃)的脱硝性能,提出利用插在烟道中的沿面放电反应器生成氧活性物质,部分氧化NO以实现低温快速SCR脱硝过程.同时,研究了氧活性物质注入实现快速SCR的脱硝性能,考察了氧活性物质注入降低二氧化硫和水蒸汽对SCR反应的影响.实验结果表明:在模拟烟气温度为150℃时,采用氧活性物质注入,部分氧化烟气中的NO以实现快速SCR反应条件下(NO/NO2浓度比为1),脱硝效率为51.9%,比标准SCR提升23%;当模拟烟气中存在SO2或H2O时,氧活性物质注入可有效降低SO2、H2O对SCR脱硝效率的影响.     

大叶女贞叶面结构对滞留颗粒物粒径的影响

为分析叶面微结构对滞留颗粒物粒径的影响,以分布较广的常绿植物——大叶女贞为研究对象,用激光粒度分析仪(湿法)测定叶面尘的粒径分布,用扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜观察叶面微结构;并用图像处理软件(图像法)分析叶面颗粒物的粒径特征,探讨不同测定方法对叶面颗粒物粒径分布的可能影响.结果表明,大叶女贞叶面滞留颗粒物粒径呈双峰分布,湿法测定的颗粒物粒径范围为0.4～ 52.6μm,粒径峰值为18.9 μm、36.2 μm,粒径均值为8.8 μm;图像法测定的颗粒物粒径范围为0.4～27.8 μm,粒径峰值为17.5μm、27.8μm,粒径均值为7.2μm.叶表面分布有大量的突起和凹陷,凹陷直径介于0.6～ 30 μm,直径小于2.5μm和10 μm的凹陷约占到总量的50％和80％.可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和细颗粒物(PM2.5)主要滞留在叶表的凹陷结构中,有少量粒径大于10 μm的颗粒物滞留在突起之上.PM2.5和PM10的体积分数仅占滞尘总量的17.9％和50.4％(湿法)、16.8％和45.9％(图像法),但数量多于大粒径颗粒物,这与小粒径的颗粒在个数上占优势、但大粒径的颗粒则对叶面滞留颗粒物的质量(或体积)贡献较大有关.叶背面颗粒物附着密度较正面小,PM2.5等颗粒物多分布在气孔周围,有少量颗粒物沉积在气孔上,从而堵塞气孔.     

露天转地下开采对上覆构筑物安全影响分析

为在最大限度科学回收地下资源的前提下,保证地表构筑物安全,以国内某大型矿山为工程背景,采用空区监测系统(CMS)结合DIMINE/FLAC3D建模技术,构建露天转地下开采对地表构筑物影响分析三维可视化计算模型。通过数值计算与现场调查相结合的方法,对比分析露天转地下开采影响范围内的地表构筑物水平位移、倾斜、曲率、沉降。结果表明:数值计算获得的应力场和位移场结果,与矿山实测结果基本吻合。该矿山开采1 650 m阶段后监测点最大倾斜指标为9 mm/m,接近允许值上限,因此,其最大合理开采深度为1 650 m阶段。     

Development of Sediment and Nutrient Export Coefficients for U.S. Ecoregions

Water quality impairment due to excessive nutrients and sediment is a major problem in the United States (U.S.). An important step in the mitigation of impairment in any given water body is determination of pollutant sources and amount. The sheer number of impaired waters and limited resources makes simplistic load estimation methods such as export coefficient (EC) methods attractive. Unfortunately ECs are typically based on small watershed monitoring data, which are very limited and/or often based on data collected from distant watersheds with drastically different conditions. In this research, we seek to improve the accuracy of these nutrient export estimation methods by developing a national database of localized EC for each ecoregion in the U.S. A stochastic sampling methodology loosely based on the Monte‐Carlo technique was used to construct a database of 45 million Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) simulations. These simulations consider a variety of climate, topography, soils, weather, land use, management, and conservation implementation conditions. SWAT model simulations were successfully validated with edge‐of‐field monitoring data. Simulated nutrient ECs compared favorably with previously published studies. These ECs may be used to rapidly estimate nutrient loading for any small catchment in the U.S. provided the location, area, and land‐use distribution are known.     

Specific Yield Functions for Estimating Evapotranspiration from Diurnal Surface Water Cycles

The White method has been routinely used to estimate evapotranspiration using diurnal variations in groundwater levels. Applications to surface water systems (e.g., wetlands) are less common. For applications to surface water systems, a stage‐dependent specific yield function must be defined. This is especially important for small wetlands formed in topographic depressions with bowl shaped bathymetries. Existing formulations of the specific yield function include weighting factors that impact the relative importance of the soil and open water specific yields on the composite value. Three formulations of the specific yield function from the literature were compared and found to produce varied results. Based on a comparison with empirical estimates of specific yield based on observed ratios of net precipitation to water level rise, one of the existing formulations is generalized and recommended for general use. The recommended function is dependent on wetland bathymetry, magnitude of the diurnal fluctuation, spatial extent of the equilibration area, and soil‐specific yield. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the relative importance of these variables. The specific yield function is independent of wetland size and is strongly dependent on the basin profile coefficient (p), an indication of wetland shape. For most natural wetlands, bathymetry strongly influences specific yield.