重庆硫干沉降速度的测定

1988年9月至1990年3月间,在重庆市城区用化学洗脱法测定了水体、土壤、建材、草苔和树叶等11种试验下垫面的SO_2和SO_4~(2-)的混合干沉降通量和沉降速度V_d,其结果是草苔的硫混合干沉降速度较大,范围0.53—1.06厘米/秒;水体0.02—1.19厘米/秒;土壤0.01—0.97厘米/秒;建材0.04—0.29厘米/秒;树叶0.01—0.03厘米/秒。     

A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE PALMER HYDROLOGIC DROUGHT INDEX1

ABSTRACT: The sensitivity of the Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index to departures from average temperature and precipitation conditions is examined. A time series of zero index values was calculated and then one monthly temperature or precipitation value was perturbed. The resulting time series shows the effects on the index of one anomalous value. Independent series were calculated for temperature anomalies of plus and minus 1, 3, 5, and 10F and for precipitation anomalies of 25, 50, 75, 125, 150, and 200 percent of normal for each calendar month for Colorado, Indiana, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. Analysis of the time series showed that the period of time required for the index to reflect actual rather than artificial initial conditions could be more than four years. It was also found that the effects of temperature anomalies are insignificant compared to the effects of precipitation anomalies. In some cases, one anomalous precipitation value could result in established wet or dry spells that last for up to two years. Although not examined in detail, the time series suggest that distributions of index values may be asymmetrical and possibly bimodal.     

中国全新世气候变化研究进展

全新世气候变化研究是古气候研究的一个重点。中国全新世气候变化的研究也是全球变化研究中重要的一部分。大量的研究工作为恢复中国全新世气候做了重大贡献。中国地形地貌复杂 ,又处在具有复杂时空变率的东亚季风控制范围内 ,这使得不同的研究工作者在一些问题上存在意见分歧。比较统一的意见是 :中国全新世始于约 10 .5kaBP ;在约 9～ 8kaBP左右为一段降温期 ;7～ 4kaBP为一段温暖期 ,通常称之为全新世大暖期 ;大约 3kaBP左右开始降温 ,至近代才又升温 ;约 130 0aA .D .左右进入小冰期 ,到 185 0aA .D .左右结束 ,其间又有几次比较明显的温度振荡。 185 0aA .D .至今为温度的上升期。对于气候变动的驱动因素 ,不同的学者看法不一 ;从长时间尺度看 ,太阳辐射变化是气候变化的主要驱动力。     

Phosphorus export by runoff from agricultural field plots with different crop cover in Lake Taihu watershed

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷａｔｅｒｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｇｌｏｂａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ,ａｎｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｎｏｎｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｒｃｅｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｇｉｖｅｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ (Ｓｈａｒｐｌｅｙ ,1994 ;Ｈａｒｒｉｓ ,1995;Ｔｉｅｓｓｅｎ ,1995;Ｔｏｎｄｅｒｓｋｉ,1996;Ｄａｎｉｅｌ,1998) .Ｌａｋｅｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｉｃａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｄａｓａｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｏｆｓｕｒ…     

信息社会中的城市环境保护问题

在信息社会，城市将面临自然环境和信息环境的双重环境保护问题，自然环境的污染包括电磁污染，废旧光盘污染、高科技型污染等；信息环境的污染主要包括信息病毒和信息垃圾。与自然环境污染相比，信息环境的污染有其身特点，这些特点决定着信息环境与自然环境保护的不同，应引起有关方面的重视。     

Environmental impact of electromagnetic radiation from the 10 kW medium wave transmitter of Weihai Broadcasting Station

The attenuation of electrical field intensity , E , from an electromagnetic source , with the reciprocalof distance, 1/r, was studied using a theoretical calculation method and field simulation measurements. For a10 kW medium wave length transmitter , the electrical field E near the ground (2m above the ground) is lessthan 25 V/m for r>75m from the transmitter , which is lower than the ″Second Class Standard″ of the StateStandard, GB 9175-88. For r>150m, the electrical field E near the ground is less than 10 V/m, which islower than the ″First Class Standard″ . However, at places such as the platform on top of the buildings within200m from the transmitter, the field intensity is so strong that it exceeds the state standard value and that in-jures to human bodies can be caused by metal structures poorly earthed due to induced charge and secondaryradiation.     

Optimization, equilibrium, adsorption behavior and role of surface functional groups on graphene oxide-based nanocomposite towards diclofenac drug

Aquatic contamination of diclofenac (DCF), an emergent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), can result in adverse effects to many ecosystems through biomagnification. Hence, introducing effective remediation techniques to sequester the pharmaceutical wastes is highly fundamental to prevent their accumulation in the environment. Generally, adsorption has been presented as a green and efficient approach. Herein, we report the characterization and application of the novel magnetic nanocomposite ([email protected]₂O₄) derived from cobalt-based ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) and graphene oxide (GO) for DCF adsorption. For the optimization procedure, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the impacts of DCF concentration (1.6–18.4 mg/L), DCF dosage (0.08–0.92 g/L), and solution pH (2.6–9.4) to find the optimum conditions for DCF removal, at 10.5 mg/L, 0.74 g/L, and pH 4, respectively. For the adsorption experiments, the kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and intraparticle diffusion models were systematically studied. Moreover, we have elucidated the role of functional groups on the surface of [email protected]₂O₄ in enhancing the adsorption of DCF drug. With good removal efficiency (up to 86.1%), high maximum adsorption capacity (32.4 mg/g), [email protected]₂O₄ can be a potential candidate to eliminate DCF drug from water.     

Turbulence Perturbations in the Neutrally Stratified Surface Layer due to the Interaction of a Katabatic Flow with a Steep Ridge

Turbulence measurements were performed in Antarctica, on the Nansen Ice Sheet, dominated by westerly katabatic winds. The measurements were taken at two sites aligned with the katabatic wind fall-line. The measuring stations were located in the middle of a wide, flat iced area at a distance of 14 km from the base of a sloping surface and at the top of a steep ridge (Inexpressible Island). The aim was to investigate the perturbation of turbulence close to the ground generated by the interaction of the flow with the ridge. We present an analysis comparing the data measured at the upstream unperturbed station with those at the top of the obstacle. Moments and spectra of velocity components have been calculated for almost steady periods. The topography and roughness change produce a combined effect on the flow acceleration (of the opposite sign) and on the turbulent stresses (of the same sign). Spectra of velocity components measured at the top of the ridge and scaled by unperturbed quantities evidence an increment of energy in the high frequency subrange with respect to the up-stream flow. Moreover, the horizontal velocity components display a shift in turbulence maximum towards higher frequencies. The vertical velocity spectrum exhibits an energy increment at low frequencies with respect to the upstream spectrum.     

云南省地表水水化学特征及成因

对云南省主要河流、湖泊、水库等地表水的水化学特征及其分布规律进行了分析,简要分析了基本成因和影响因素.     

轿车覆盖件表面瘪塘的分类及其特点

瘪塘是轿车覆盖件的主要表面缺陷之一,其产生原因涉及覆盖件结构、模具、工艺参数等诸多方面。对瘪塘进行了较为详细的描述,并根据瘪塘产生部位的特征对其进行了分类,研究了各类瘪塘的特点,为产生机理和整改方法的研究奠定了基础。