液固比对土壤洗涤去除多环芳烃效果的影响

液固比是影响土壤洗涤污染物去除率的重要因素.以Triton X-100和Tween-80为洗涤剂,采用洗涤去除率(R)、吸附损失率(Vs)和新定义的指标增溶百分比(SP)分析液固比对土壤洗涤去除目标多环芳烃效果的影响.结果表明,液固比对土壤洗涤去除多环芳烃效果影响显著.R随液固比增加呈非线性形式增大,液固比10∶1后R增长变缓.同一液固比时,洗涤去除率Triton X-100>Tween-80.Vs随液固比增加显著减少,液固比10∶1后逐渐变缓.同一液固比时,吸附损失率Triton X-100相似文献   

Electrokinetic movement of multiple chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils in the presence of β-cyclodextrin

This study investigated the electrokinetic (EK) behavior of multiple chlorobenzenes, including 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (i-TeCB), and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in contaminated clayed soils. The effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on the EK removal of the chlorobenzenes was studied. The largest removal was obtained when Na2CO3/NaHCO3 buffer was used as anodic purging solution without β-CD. The removal efficiencies were related to the aqueous solubilities of chlorobenzenes. With the same cumulative electroosmotic flow, greater solubility led to higher removal efficiency. The addition of β-CD inhibited the EK removal efficiency of all chlorobenzenes. The inhibition increased with the increase of β-CD concentration. With the same β-CD concentration, the inhibition increased with the rise of electric potential. It was found that the inclusion compounds between β-CD and chlorobenzenzes were less soluble than chlorobenzenes. The formation of the less soluble inclusion compounds reduced the aqueous solubility of chlorobenzenes and led to the partial immobilization of the chlorobenzenes that desorbed from soil. It was feasible to use the EK technology to remove chlorobenzenes in contaminated soils using water as the anodic flushing solution. The addition of β-CD was not recommended for the EK removal of chlorobenzenes.     

螯合剂与表面活性剂复合去除城市污泥中Cd、Cr

采用淋洗和振荡离心试验研究了螯合剂与表面活性剂等化学物质对城市污泥中Cd、Cr去除的影响.柠檬酸(CTA)、EDTA单一处理污泥,对Cd、Cr的去除效果要优于十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS),且振荡更有利于污泥中Cd的去除,但淋滤与振荡对Cr的去除没有明显的差异.CTA对污泥中Cd、Cr的去除率随介质浓度的变化特征符合一级方程,而EDTA符合二级方程.SDS可明显地改变螯合剂对Cd、Cr的去除效果.CTA与SDS、EDTA与SDS复合,无论是顺序处理还是共同处理,对去除污泥中Cr都表现为拮抗效应或独立效应,而对Cd的去除则表现出复杂的复合效应.综合考虑Cd、Cr去除与氮素损失后,最优试验条件为0.3mol/L CTA与0.01mol/L SDS,按1:10固液比,依次振荡2h,可去除59.2%的Cd和50.91%的Cr,仅损失13.47%的氮.污泥处理前有效态Cd、Cr含量较高,经淋滤和振荡处理后,其活性有所降低,潜在重金属供应能力以及对植物的危害潜力减弱.     

非离子表面活性剂对菲在水/土壤界面间吸附行为的影响

比较研究了不同浓度非离子表面活性剂TX 10 0存在下 ,4种土壤对菲的吸附作用 .研究表明 ,TX 10 0浓度小于 2CMC时 ,有机碳含量 (foc)分别为 5 1× 10 3 mg kg、1 2 8× 10 4 mg kg的土壤对菲的吸附作用增强 ,即K d Kd 比值大于 1,且随TX 10 0浓度的增大而增大 ;foc分别为 3 31× 10 4 mg kg、6 4 8× 10 4 mg kg的土壤 ,则降低土壤对菲的吸附作用 ,即K d Kd 比值小于 1,且随TX 10 0浓度的增大而减小 .当加入的TX 10 0浓度大于 2CMC时 ,则明显降低土壤对菲的吸附作用 .菲的K d Kd 比值随土壤有机碳含量的增加而降低 ,而表观有机碳标化的吸附系数K oc 则随TX 10 0浓度的增大而减小 .影响机理由吸附态和溶解态的TX 10 0分别对菲的吸附作用和增溶作用决定 .