城市污泥好氧堆肥过程中能量平衡的理论分析

从热力学角度研究城市污泥的好氧堆肥过程,根据热力学第一定律,建立了好氧堆肥过程中的能量平衡关系,并给出了平衡关系中各参数的计算方法。     

活性炭吸附与生物活性炭脱臭效果的比较研究

针对污水收集与处理系统中恶臭气体的组成与特性,比较分析不同情况下活性炭吸附与生物活性炭的脱臭效果。当干活性碳总处理气量达到1.3m~3/g时,出现穿透。将吸附饱和的活性炭填料塔转为生物滴滤反应器后,仍能较快的实现挂膜生长,达到满意的处理效果。直接运行的生物活性炭滴滤器对H_2S的处理效率在95％以上,并具有较强的恢复能力。H_2S平均出口浓度为0.052mg/m~3。循环液pH值与盐度在一定范围内对系统影响不大。     

活性污泥系统动力学模拟方法的综合分析

活性污泥法的应用现状和污水中氮磷排放标准的日益严格，使得传统数学模型已满足不了目前的要求，需要对活性污泥系统复杂的动力学规律进行有效模拟。文章在综合分析活性污泥动态模型国内外研究现状的基础上，介绍了3种占主流地位的模型：活性污泥数学模型、神经网络模型和混合模型。这3种模型在污水处理的设计、运行控制和工艺优化等方面各有其独到之处。     

Seed yeast cultivation for salad oil manufacturing wastewater treatment

The mixture of five yeast strains obtained from soil could remove about 85% TOC of oil-rich wastewater in batch test.While the highest MLSS was obtained at an N:C of 1:5,the oil removal decreased with the increase of N:C during yeast sludge cultivation.Ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for yeast cultivation from the viewpoint of yeast growth and oil utilizxation.An ammonia concentration of over 1300 mg/L led to mass death of yeast at a pH of 5.The ammonia concentration should be controlled at a level of 1000 mg/L or lower.     

复配絮凝剂的筛选及其在炼油污泥中的应用

通过试验筛选出对炼油污泥处理效果好的复配絮凝剂。试验和现场应用结果表明：使用有机高分子絮凝剂(PAM)分别和无机高分子絮凝剂(PAC)复配处理炼油污泥比单独使用任何一种絮凝剂的处理效果更好，复配絮凝剂具有适应性广、投加量少、浮渣少等优点，处理后的污水可以达到排放标准。     

活性炭性质对其吸附水中硝基苯性能的影响

通过对活性炭进行HNO3氧化及热处理改性,研究了活性炭性质对其吸附硝基苯性能的影响.以低温液氮(N2/77 K)吸附测定活性炭的比表面积和孔容、孔径分布;以Boehm滴定、零电荷点pHPZC的测定及元素分析定量表征活性发表面含氧官能团变化.结果表明:经改性后,活性炭比表面积及总孔容略有减小,表面性质发生较大变化.改性活性炭对硝基苯的吸附容量明显改变,吸附容量大小依次为:AC1′＞AC0′＞AC0＞AC1.经硝酸氧化后,比表面积下降、存在过多表面含氧官能团是导致AC1吸附硝基苯能力降低的主要原因;而AC1'表面适量酚羟基所提供的氢键吸附是其对硝基苯吸附量增加的主要原因.     

用呼吸仪监测取代酚类化合物对活性污泥的抑制

应用呼吸仪测定活性污泥中微生物的活性。研究了九种取代酚对微生物活性的影响,发现抑制效应与有机物的正辛醇-水分配系数、最低未占轨道能级有着相关联系,并发现取代酚对活性污泥硝化细菌比起异养细菌有着更强的抑制。生物膜比活性污泥具有更好的耐抑制能力,驯化对抗抑制有明显的效果,增大污泥浓度在一定程度上可以减轻毒害。     

循环式活性污泥法处理污水工艺研究

循环式活性污泥法是通过厌氧装置培养优化的活性污泥,然后在曝气池中进行同步的硝化反硝化过程,从而达到脱氮除磷的效果。     

Toxic metals in sewage sludge-amended soils: has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risks?

Land application of contaminated waste products has been defended as beneficial use by some scientists and regulators, based on the premise that the behavior of any toxins accumulated in soils from this practice is reasonably well understood and will not have detrimental agronomic or environmental impacts into the foreseeable future. In this review, I use the case of toxic metals in sewage sludges applied to agricultural land to illustrate that metal behavior in soils and plant uptake is difficult to generalize because it is strongly dependent on the nature of the metal, sludge, soil properties and crop. Nevertheless, permitted agricultural loadings of toxic metals from sewage sludges are typically regulated using the sole criterion of total metal loading or concentrations in soils. Several critical generalizing assumptions about the behavior of sludge-borne metals in soil-crop systems, built into the US EPA risk assessment for metals, have tended to underestimate risks and are shown not to be well justified by published research. It is argued that, in the absence of a basic understanding of metal behavior in each specific situation, a more precautionary approach to toxic metal additions to soils is warranted.     

机械强化污泥回流式一体化活性污泥法的运行机理研究

活性污泥通过机械搅拌强化污泥内循环回流,提高了污泥的活性,并且使污泥浓度可达到4.5kg/m3,用该机械强化污泥回流式一体化活性污泥法处理小区生活污水,当水力停留时间为3h,溶解氧为2.2mg/L,机械搅拌速度为250r/min时,CODcr、氨氮去除率均可达到83% 以上,出水达到国家污水排放一级标准.该一体化活性污泥法简单易行,运行成本低,投资小,操作维护方便,是生活小区生活污水适宜的处理工艺技术.