The cultural politics of mining and natural disaster in Indonesia: by fire and sword

Natural disasters are inevitably the outcome of cultural agonisms. The cultural politics of natural disasters are shaped by competing claims and conceptions of ‘nature’. Recent disasters in Indonesia are directly linked to these contending conceptions and the ways in which different social groups imagine risk and reward. The Sidoarjo volcanic mudflow of 2006 represents a volatile and violent exemplar of contending cultural and economic claims. Like other disasters in Indonesia and elsewhere in the developing world, this ‘natural’ disaster is characterised by differing conceptions of ‘nature’ as cultural tradition, divine force, and natural resource. A new extractive project in East Java is exhibiting similar economic and cultural agonisms, particularly around the notion of development, environment, self‐determination, and tradition. This paper examines the ‘disputes over meaning’ associated with natural disasters in contemporary societies, and the ways in which they are related to human culture, social organisation, and hierarchical systems of violence.     

燃煤电厂对过滤材料的要求及其解决方案

随着燃煤电厂烟尘排放标准的日益严格,发展袋式除尘器改成为必然趋势。通过对我国燃煤电厂烟气成分和工况条件的分析,提出了采用新型PPS复合滤料及改进的玻璃纤维覆膜滤料的方案可以满足燃煤电厂袋式除尘器所需滤料的要求。     

腐殖填料生物滤池氨氮降解特征

根据腐殖填料生物滤池及石英砂普通生物滤池的氨氮去除效率、表面水力负荷及微生物量差异,比较两者氨氮降解速率及比降解速率,对腐殖填料生物滤池的氨氮降解特征进行分析。结果表明,在相同运行方式及外界环境下,腐殖填料滤池表面水力负荷数倍于石英砂普通生物滤池;腐殖填料生物滤池单位体积平均氨氮降解速率高达31.5 g NH4+-N/(m3.d),是石英砂普通生物滤池的5.4倍;腐殖填料生物滤池氨氮比降解速率为4.1×10-2μg NH4+-N/(g微生物碳.d),约为石英砂普通生物滤池的4倍。腐殖填料生物滤池能负载较高的生物量,抗堵塞性能较强,系统内特异微生物对氨氮降解能力较高,是一种优良的降解氨氮的生物滤池。     

A/O-生物膜系统处理煤化工废水

通过在传统A/O工艺好氧池投加聚氨酯填料组成A/O-生物膜复合工艺,建立了一套中试系统,以探讨处理实际煤化工高氨氮工业废水的可行性。结果表明该复合工艺具有很好的抗冲击负荷能力,并且在低温条件下仍能维持很高的去除效果。在温度为10℃以上、进水COD浓度为350～1 100 mg/L、氨氮浓度为80～280 mg/L时,出水COD和氨氮浓度始终维持在60和10 mg/L以下,去除率分别可达到90%和95%以上。低温对系统中悬浮污泥活性的影响比生物膜更大。常温条件下(20℃)生物膜的COD和氨氮降解速率分别为悬浮污泥的1.4和2.5倍,低温条件下(10℃)分别为3.1和3.0倍。     

填料-生物转盘处理有机模拟污水

针对传统生物转盘启动慢、挂膜性能差、水力停留时间长等缺点,采用英国某生物技术公司研制的新型填料复合式生物转盘处理有机模拟污水,考察水力停留时间、转盘转速、有机负荷等因素对工艺运行效果的影响。结果表明,新型生物转盘启动快,微生物相变化明显,微生物量大,挂膜效率高;抗负荷冲击能力强,有机负荷大幅度变化对其影响较小;二级转笼处有机负荷相对较低,溶解氧高,微生物的种类、数量均比一级转笼多;该转盘处理有机模拟污水的最优水力停留时间为1.5 h,最佳转速为12.4 r/min,较传统生物转盘污水处理量大,且污水COD去除率高达97%,大大降低运行能耗,出水水质达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB18918-2002)中的一级A标准。     

附着生活型轮虫的悬浮固体去除特性

附着生活型轮虫又称蛭形轮虫是污水生物处理中有益的后生动物。宿轮虫作为一种典型的蛭形轮虫,对其捕食特性的研究旨在建立宿轮虫的培养系,同时为在生物处理池中创造有利于宿轮虫大量生长的条件提供依据。实验通过选择营养较高且经济易得的小麦面粉代替细菌制成悬浮液作为食物用于培养宿轮虫,以得到宿轮虫的捕食特性。结果表明,悬浮颗粒的粒径是宿轮虫选择食物的重要指标,悬浮颗粒的粒径为2.5 μm时其种群增长最快,粒径小于10 μm时其能正常生长。实验结果不仅证明了宿轮虫能够去除污水中不能以自由沉降形式去除的悬浮颗粒,同时为宿轮虫的深入研究奠定了基础。     

Climate Change in the Media: Poland’s Exceptionalism

Poland is the largest hard coal producer in the European Union (EU), and remains very dependent on coal for its energy. Despite the significant long-term implications of EU mitigation policies for the Polish economy, coverage of climate change and policy in the Polish media remains very low. This study of the coverage both in print media and on television of the 2013/2014 Assessment Reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change shows that the volume of coverage in Poland was much lower than in other European countries. The article explores possible reasons for the “exceptionalism” found in the Polish media.     

Three Dimensions of Social Media Messaging Success by Environmental NGOs

Studies show that NGOs persist in using social media to impart unidirectional messages rather than taking advantage of the participatory nature of networked media. Fear of a loss of message control may be at the heart of NGOs’ desire to keep social media messages on track. The current study examines the success of an environmental NGO in keeping its social media messages under control using quantitative content analysis of an NGO-promoted hashtag, #climatemarch, during a United Nations conference on climate change in 2015. Three dimensions of social media message success – volume, topic/valence, and participants – are proposed.     

Frame alignment and environmental advocacy: the influence of NGO strategies on policy outcomes in China

ABSTRACT

The link between environmental frames and policy outcomes in China is explored. Environmental nongovernment organizations’ (ENGOs) issue interpretation and presentation affect environmental policy changes. The notion of ‘frame alignment’ is introduced, and it is argued that it can serve to link ENGOs’ advocacy needs and frame resonance among different stakeholders, thus successfully promoting advocacy. Based on in-depth interviews and analysis of news reports over a span of 10 years, it is found that where ENGOs are able to align their issue frames with those of the central state and media, the resulting frame resonance smooths policy change. In contrast, where ENGOs adopt conflict frames critical of state authorities, the absence of alignment leads to a slim chance of policy change. The findings shed light on why some ENGOs successfully create linkage and achieve their desired outcomes while others fail to do so.     

Effect on herbicide adsorption of organic forestry waste products used for soil remediation

Organic soil amendments can be useful for improving degraded soil, but this increase in organic matter (OM) may influence adsorption of herbicides subsequently applied to the treated soil, even though the particle size of amendments and their nature differ from typical soil OM. In this study, a batch equilibrium method was used to measure adsorption of five herbicides following application to two organic media, wood pulp and sawdust, comparing these with two cropping soils. Herbicide adsorption, quantified by distribution coefficients (k_d), was much higher in the two organic media than in the cropping soils. The increases in adsorption were strongly correlated to the percentage of organic carbon. When the k_d was normalized to adsorption coefficients corrected for OM content (k_oc), variation in results between the media was greatly reduced, indicating that OM is an important factor influencing adsorption in these media. The results of this study suggest that herbicides will be less effective when applied to soils in which sawdust and wood pulp have been added. Using organic amendments to remediate soil will increase adsorption of pesticides, reducing their bio-availability and efficacy, but also reducing their tendency to leach into root zones of deep-rooted crops and into groundwater.