Sediment distribution pattern mapped from the combination of objective analysis and geostatistics in the large shallow Taihu Lake, China

Investigation was made into sediment depth at 723 irregularly scattered measurement points which cover all the regions in Talhu Lake, China. The combination of successive correction scheme and geostatistical method was used to get all the values of recent sediment thickness at the 69 x 69 grids in the whole lake. The results showed that there is the significant difference in sediment depth between the eastern area and the western region, and most of the sediments are located in the western shore-line and northern regimes but just a little in the center and eastem parts. The notable exception is the patch between the center and Xishan Island where the maximum sediment depth is more than 4.0 m. This sediment distribution pattem is more than likely related to the current circulation pattern induced by the prevailing wind-forcing in Taihu Lake. The numerical simulation of hydrodynamics can strong support the conclusion.Sediment effects on water quality was also studied and the results showed that the concentrations of TP, TN and SS in the western part are obviously larger than those in the eastem regime, which suggested that more nutrients can be released from thicker sediment areas.     

Flocculation performance of a novel synthesized flocculant with low ecological risk

Combined flocculants with low ecological risk are urgently required in water supply and wastewater treatment in China. A novel flocculant was thus developed under the condition of low ecological risk( noted as CAS).The experiments to examine wastewater treatment performance of the new product showed that there was favourable performance in the flocculation process in contrast to commercial flocculants in treating kaolin suspensions, municipal effluent and domestic wastewater. Flocculation performance included the turbidity removal rate, sediment character and a decrease in COD(chemical oxygen demand). The sediment time of flocculation is short and the removal rate of turbidity treated by CAS is high compared with PAC(polyaluminum-chloride), PAM (polyacrylamide) and the combined addition of PAC and PAM. The optimal concentration required to affect flocculation processes is dependent on kaolin concentration and the character of the wastewater within the range examined. It also showed that CAS is effective to treat wastewater with high turbidity.     

Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS

Sediment has been identified as a significant threat to water quality and channel clogging that in turn may lead to river flooding. With the increasing awareness of the impairment from sediment to water bodies in a watershed, identifying the locations of the major sediment sources and reducing the sediment through management practices will be important for an effective watershed management. The annualized agricultural non-point sourcepollution(AnnAGNPS) model and newly developed GIS interface for it were applied in a small agricultural watershed, Redrock Creek watershed, Kansas, in this pilot study for exploring the effectiveness of using this model as a management tool. The calibrated model appropriately simulated monthly runoff and sediment yield through the practices in this study and potentially suggested the ways of sediment reduction through evaluating the changes of land use and field operation in the model for the purpose of watershed management.     

三峡库区支流的河-湖两态及其对沉积物不同形态磷含量的影响

三峡大坝独特的调度运行方式决定了三峡库区支流在水动力方面显著区别于自然河流.为探究库区特殊调水机制下支流沉积物内源磷的动态变化,于2016年在库区北岸最大支流澎溪河中游的高阳平湖段进行了 8次(1、3～8和10月,每月一次)水体和沉积物样品采集,分析其不同形态磷含量,并对流速、水深和沉积物碱性磷酸酶活性等进行了一系列分...     

覆盖法控制城市河涌底泥磷释放研究

建立了一套包含有城市河涌底泥、覆盖材料及上覆水的小试装置,采用粉煤灰、水泥、沸石、河砂、玻璃珠等不同物质作为覆盖材料,在厌氧条件下,覆盖材料对城市河涌底泥磷释放的控制效果进行了研究.结果表明,在培养温度为25℃,覆盖材料用量为6.0kg·m-2时,玻璃珠、河砂、沸石、粉煤灰、水泥对PO43-释放的抑制率分别为40.0%、46.7%、60.0%、75.6%、88 9%;覆盖材料对PO43-的抑制作用可归结为覆盖材料的覆盖效应、化学效应和吸附效应;覆盖材料对PO43-释放的抑制率均随着温度的升高而降低;覆盖材料用量对PO43-抑制率影响较大,对于水泥、粉煤灰、沸石、河砂,要达到约50%的PO43-释放抑制率,其用量分别为2.0、2.0、6.0、10.0 kg·m-2,选用粉煤灰作为覆盖材料较合适;从重金属毒理学方面讲,覆盖材料不会对底泥及区域土壤造成影响.     

锦州湾沉积物中重金属污染的潜在生物毒性风险评价

选择污染严重的锦州湾表层沉积物作为研究对象,运用2套由生物效应数据库法导出的沉积物质量基准(ERL/ERM和TEL/PEL)评价了锦州湾沉积物中重金属的生物毒性风险.同时与地累积指数对重金属污染的评价结果进行了比较.结果表明,潜在生物毒性风险评价和重金属污染评价所反映的结果相一致,可以相互补充和借鉴.基于生态效应数据库法的沉积物质量基准可以有效的评价重金属潜在生物毒性风险.     

相平衡分配法在滇池沉积物环境质量评价中的应用研究

对滇池8个采样点沉积物固相和间隙水中的金属含量进行分析测定,用实测方法计算Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、As等7种金属在滇池沉积物中的分配系数Kp,利用相平衡分配法和国家地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)中的Ⅲ类水质标准确定了滇池沉积物环境质量基准重点探讨了沉积物中的细颗粒物质(＜63μm)、酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、有机碳(TOC)等主要金属结合相对基准的校正方法.通过对118个样点沉积物中各金属的含量与确定的滇池沉积物环境质量基准值进行比较,结果表明,滇池沉积物存在较为严重的As、Cu、Zn、Cr污染,Pb、Cd污染有扩大的趋势.在外源污染得到控制、水质得到改善的情况下,滇池沉积物会成为内在的金属污染源.     

荷兰填埋处置疏浚污染底泥的历程与实践

荷兰由于高度的工业化、发达的航运以及特殊的地形条件,造成境内的湖泊与河流严重污染,为了从根本上治理这些受到污染的水域,必须对水底含有众多污染物的底泥进行环保疏浚。本文先简要介绍荷兰关于处置疏浚污染底泥的政策和法规、底泥填埋的处置技术研究和修建封闭式填埋场的指导准则,最后介绍了一个污染底泥用填埋场处置的工程实例。     

沉水植物对沉积物中磷赋存形态影响的初步研究

采用磷的分级方法研究苦草移植后生长过程中沉积物不同的磷赋存形态(NH4Cl-P, BD-P, NaOH-P和HCl-P)以及总磷的变化,同时结合野外人工恢复的水草区域采样的结果,进一步分析了野外条件下沉水植物狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum L.)对磷赋存形态的影响,结果表明,沉水植物能够有效的降低沉积物中磷的含量,而且水生植物对磷的不同赋存形态的影响并不相同,其中,BD-P是受沉水植物影响最为明显的磷赋存形态.     

固相萃取小柱净化-气相色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定土壤和沉积物中α-六六六,β-六六六,γ-六六六,δ-六六六,硫丹,p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD,o,p'-DDT,p,p'-DDT,三氯杀螨醇,甲氰菊酯,氯氰菊酯,联苯菊酯,氟氯氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯,溴氰菊酯等16种农药残留量的方法.16种农药的残留组分在25min内能很好分离.标准加入回收率在81.2%-111.9%之间;方法变异系数2.9%-14.9%(0.01-0.1μg·ml-1,n= 6),检出下限在0.08-0.44μg·kg-1之间.