酶促活性填料处理高盐制药废水

采用向曝气池中投加酶促活性生物填料的方法提升原工艺处理高盐制药废水的能力,结果表明:在进水COD为10000～12000 mg/L、含盐量为30000～45000 mg/L、有机负荷为3～4 kg/m3.d时,COD去除率达到90%以上;投加了酶促活性填料的曝气池处理能力为传统活性污泥法处理能力的3倍以上,可以快捷经济地提升传统活性污泥工艺处理能力。     

总悬浮微粒中的沥青成分在植物中的累积

在参照美国试验与材料协会标准分析方法（ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ４１２４）的基础上,对邻近高速公路的多种植物样品和大气中总悬浮颗粒样品中的沥青成分极性芳烃、环烷芳烃和饱和物进行了分析。将分析结果与取自高速公路表面的沥青样品和相应的背景植物样品的分析结果对比得知：３种有机组分在植物中的累积过程中,沥青起了主要作用。在实验所分析的植物样品中,３种有机组分在每ｇ干植物样品中的含量分别为０．２９－３．０７ｍｇ（极性芳烃     

长江口水体中重金属形态交换过程的研究

研究了重金属在水体中溶解态和颗粒态的含量分布,并以一个代表性水平剖面和垂直剖面分析了金属形态交换过程。其动态交换是,重金属由颗粒态沿水平方向交换时向溶解态转化,形态转化强度为Ｎｉ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｃｏ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｐｂ;重金属的垂向交换过程,都是被铁锰（水合）氧化物及有机质吸附,向金属铁锰氧化物态转化,形态转化强度为Ｐｂ〉Ｃｕ〉Ｍｎ〉Ｆｅ〉Ｎｉ〉Ｃｏ,最后得出长江口海域金属污染程度及环境现状。     

水体颗粒物对有机氮转化的影响

以多泥沙河流黄河为例,采用微宇宙实验模拟研究自然水体中有机氮的转化过程和添加人工富集的黄河优势菌种条件下的有机氮转化过程.结果表明,自然水体条件下颗粒物对有机氮的转化有明显的促进作用,转化速率常数随颗粒物含量的增加而增加,用一级动力学拟合有机氮的转化过程发现,当有机氮的初始浓度为5 mg/L,颗粒物含量分别为0、5、10 　g/L时,转化速率常数分别为0.286、0.333、0.538 d^-1,用Logistic模型对硝化过程进行模拟,硝化速率常数K₄分别为0.001 8、0.003 8,0.005 0 L·(d·μmol)^-1.在添加人工富集微生物条件下,微生物初始数量一致,体系有机氮的转化速率常数和硝化速率常数K₄均随颗粒物含量的增加而增加.水体颗粒物对有机氮转化的影响机理是：①颗粒物含量不同的水体其初始微生物数量不同,颗粒物含量越高,微生物数量也越大;②颗粒物对微生物生长有促进作用,微生物亦主要存在于颗粒物表面,且颗粒物的存在使水体有机氮主要存在于颗粒相,有机氮的转化主要发生在水-颗粒物界面;③颗粒物的存在增加了微生物与有机氮的接触几率,促进了有机氮的转化.     

太湖水体散射特性及其与悬浮物浓度关系模型

水体散射特性与水环境参数如悬浮颗粒及其浓度密切相关.利用Wetlabs公司研制的水体固有光学特性测量系统,于2006-10～2006-11对太湖水体的散射系数和后向散射系数进行了测量.在对水体散射特性分析的基础上,建立了太湖水体颗粒物后向散射系数的光谱模型.此外,利用后向散射率计算水体折射系数,根据折射系数的变化范围,将水中颗粒物的主导因子分为3种类型：①浮游植物主导;②无机颗粒物主导;③两者共同主导.在对散射系数与无机悬浮物、有机悬浮物、总悬浮物浓度相关性分析的基础上,针对颗粒物主导因子的不同,分别建立了散射系数与无机悬浮物浓度的乘幂关系模型.     

浮动生物床处理后生活污水富营养化程度分析

对加入浮动生物床处理后的生活污水的湖体富营养化程度进行了分析。通过选用具有代表性的参数总氮、总磷及叶绿素a对水体进行了研究,考察了水温、pH、浊度等对水体富营养化的相关影响,结合水质评价标准判断水体富营养化状态及浮动生物床处理系统的能力。结果表明:磷是水体富营养化的限制性因子,且湖水接近中等营养水平。     

"钼酸铵显色-离心分离光度法"测高悬浮物地表水中总磷的方法探讨

本文对高悬浮物地表水中总磷测定方法进行了探讨,提出了用“钼酸铵显色-离心分离法”解决由于高悬浮物所带来的分析误差。通过实验室大量样品分析实验,证明此方法的可行性。     

Coliforms removal in full-scale activated sludge plants in India

This paper investigates the removal of coliforms in full-scale activated sludge plants (ASP) operating in northern regions of India. Log2.2 and log2.4 removal were observed for total coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC), respectively. However, the effluent still contained a significant number of TC and FC which was greater than the permissible limit for unrestricted irrigation as prescribed by WHO. The observations also suggest that extended aeration (EA) process operating under high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and sludge retention time (SRT) is more efficient in the removal of coliforms. Further attempts have been made to establish the relationship between two key wastewater parameters, i.e. biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) with respect to fecal and TC. The relationships were observed to be linear with a good coefficient of correlation. The interrelationship of BOD and SS with coliforms manifest that improvement of the microbiological quality of wastewater could be linked with the removal of SS. Therefore, SS can serve as a regulatory tool in lieu of an explicit coliforms standard.     

Using turbidity and acoustic backscatter intensity as surrogate measures of suspended sediment concentration in a small subtropical estuary

The suspended sediment concentration is a key element in stream monitoring, although the turbidity and acoustic Doppler backscattering may be suitable surrogate measures. Herein a series of new experiments were conducted in laboratory under controlled conditions using water and mud samples collected in a small subtropical estuary of Eastern Australia. The relationship between suspended sediment concentration and turbidity exhibited a linear relationship, while the relationships between suspended sediment concentration and acoustic backscatter intensity showed a monotonic increase. The calibration curves were affected by both sediment material characteristics and water quality properties, implying that the calibration of an acoustic Doppler system must be performed with the waters and soil materials of the natural system. The results were applied to some field studies in the estuary during which the acoustic Doppler velocimeter was sampled continuously at high frequency. The data yielded the instantaneous suspended sediment flux per unit area in the estuarine zone. They showed some significant fluctuations in instantaneous suspended mass flux, with a net upstream-suspended mass flux during flood tide and net downstream sediment flux during ebb tide. For each tidal cycle, the integration of the suspended sediment flux per unit area data with respect of time yielded some net upstream sediment flux in average.     

A long-term survey on anthropogenic impacts to the water quality of coral reefs, southern Taiwan

Before 2001, the ecological protection area in the Kenting National Park (KTNP), southern Taiwan, was poorly described. In this study, a set of four-year data (2001-2004) of seawater qualities at 19 sampling sites around the Nanwan Bay in the KTNP was used to explore anthropogenic impacts to ecological environment, especially coral reefs. The parameters of water quality were analyzed immediately after collection. The results showed that higher values of nutrients and suspended solids were attributed to the higher run-off around Nanwan Bay. The fluxes of nutrients and suspended solids were consistently correlated to rainfall. Hence, equations were developed to calculate nutrient fluxes and suspended solids by using only rainfall data. Our results show that suspended solids and ammonia were the dominant factors leading to the drop in coral coverage. In summary, the water quality in the intertidal zone of Nanwan Bay has been degraded and required greater attention.