可燃固体表面火蔓延行为研究进展与展望

固体可燃物表面火蔓延是森林火灾、建筑火灾以及工业火灾中普遍存在的燃烧现象,是火灾研究的基础问题。对固体可燃物表面火蔓延行为进行分类,评述国内外的固体可燃物表面火蔓延行为研究现状和目前存在的主要问题。总结固体可燃物表面火蔓延试验研究的技术手段,对比分析不同因素对建立固体可燃物表面火蔓延行为理论模型的影响。这些因素包括环境流场、化学反应动力学、热解气体组分和炭化过程等。概要介绍固体可燃物表面火蔓延计算模拟的优势。最后指出固体可燃物火蔓延行为研究的发展趋势,并提出未来若干重点研究方向。     

水体颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定

本文介绍了用批量平衡测定水体悬浮颗粒物以及土壤对有机物吸附常数的测定方法，并给出实例和方法的注意事项。     

悬挂链曝气技术应用于河流污染治理

在介绍了悬挂链曝气技术的特点和在复氧曝气方面的适用性的基础上,对该技术的局限性进行了阐述,并认为悬挂链技术为河流污染治理提供了一种新选择。     

悬浮填料生物膜工艺的研究进展

悬浮填料生物膜工艺又称为移动床生物膜反应器工艺，是上世纪90年代初迅猛发展起来的一种新型水处理工艺．它既可以作为独立的生物处理系统，也能够与活性污泥法组合以增加后者的处理效能，还可以作为中高浓度工业废水的生物预处理手段．本文总结了悬浮填料生物膜工艺的流体力学、生化动力学规律、悬浮填料的开发现状，探讨了此工艺在市政生活污水、工业废水、低污染物浓度的水处理领域的研究和应用进展．进一步开发高效、廉价的功能型悬浮填料，提高填料的有效比表面积，优化与确定工艺和运行参数，将推动悬浮填料生物膜工艺在我国的全面应用．图3表1参64     

冬季菹草对悬浮泥沙的影响

利用冬季沉水植物菹草构建由浅水到深水的串联系统,含沙水依次流经浅水区和深水区,测定各级菹草对水体悬浮泥沙含量和沉降量的影响.结果显示,菹草系统可以降低水体中悬浮泥沙含量,并随水力停留时间延长而降低程度加大.各运行条件下,菹草系统悬浮泥沙平均沉降量65.7 g·m-2,比对照组高39.4%.菹草表面泥沙的吸附是一个"吸附-沉降-再吸附" 的动态过程,吸附量为3.26～5.69 g·kg-1.菹草对冬季水生态系统的自净功能起着十分重要的作用.     

天津地区鱼塘水、悬浮物、沉积物和鱼体中的DDT

采样测定了天津地区2典型鱼塘鲫鱼、鲢鱼、水、悬浮物、沉积物和鱼塘周边表土中的DDT及其代谢产物含量。结果发现,2鱼塘各主要介质以及鱼体肌肉和器官中都富集了较高浓度的DDT。鲫鱼和鲢鱼肌肉中DDT的含量分别为(66.4±2.7)ng·g-1和(24.3±23.4)ng·g-1。肝胰脏、肠和鱼鳃中DDT含量一般高于肌肉,其中肠的富集量最大,是肌肉的3倍以上。生物富集系数(lgBCF)分别为3.7和3.3。2鱼塘鱼体和各相含量有较大差别,鱼塘介质中悬浮物富集浓度最高。表土污染相对严重地区的鱼塘中各介质和鱼体DDT含量均高于另一污染较轻的鱼塘。污染严重鱼塘的DDE/ΣDDT含量比值也相对较高,反映早期污染残留的重要特征。尽管如此,仍然较高的DDT含量以及悬浮物中很低的DDE/ΣDDT含量比值说明很可能还有污染源存在。     

巢湖水体悬浮物含量与光谱反射率的关系

利用高光谱地物光谱仪在巢湖进行了反射光谱测量和同步水质采样分析，在分析巢湖水体反射光谱特征的基础上，分别研究了悬浮物浓度与水体光谱反射率和光谱反射率的一阶微分之间的关系，结果表明在近红外波段范围，单波段反射率和一阶微分光谱反射率都与悬浮物的浓度有较好的相关性，而且利用微分光谱估算内陆水体悬浮物浓度有较大潜力。     

EFFECTS OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON FOREST STREAMWATER QUALITY IN EASTERN KENTUCKY1

ABSTRACT: Forest land managers are concerned about the effects of logging on soil erosion, streamflow, and water quality and are promoting the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) to control impacts. To compare the effects of BMP implementation on streamwater quality, two of three small watersheds in Kentucky were harvested in 1983 and 1984, one with BMPs, the other without BMPs. There was no effect of clearcutting on stream temperatures. Streamflow increased by 17.8 cm (123 percent) on the BMP watershed during the first 17 months after cutting and by 20.6 cm (138 percent) on the Non-BMP watershed. Water yields remained significantly elevated compared to the uncut watershed 8 years after harvesting. Suspended sediment flux was 14 and 30 times higher on the BMP and Non-BMP Watersheds, respectively, than on the uncut watershed during treatment, and 4 and 6.5 times higher in the 17 months after treatment was complete. Clearcutting resulted in increased concentrations of nitrate, and other nutrients compared to the uncut watershed, and concentrations were highest on the non-BMP watershed. Recovery of biotic control over nutrient losses occurred within three years of clearcutting. The streamside buffer strip was effective in reducing the impact of clearcutting on water yield and sediment flux.     

阿尔山市TSP(总悬浮微粒)浓度变化与气象因素关系探讨

通过阿尔山市2005年大气中总悬浮微粒（TSP）的全年三个监测点的监测结果，结合采样时有关气象参数，着重对TSP与气象条件的关系做一下分析、研讨。     

Seasonal variation and chemical composition of particulate matter: A study by XPS, ICP-AES and sequential microanalysis using Raman with SEM/EDS

During the winter period (January–March 2016), the total suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) were characterized by the application of various analytical techniques in four zones of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey in Mexico. To evaluate the seasonal variation of some elements in the particulate matter, the results of this study were compared with those obtained during the summer season (July–September 2015). The speciation of the C_1s signal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the contribution of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons as the main components in both seasons. Conversely, carboxylic groups associated with biogenic emissions were detected only in winter. The percentages of SO₄^2 ? ions were lower in winter, possibly caused by the decrease in the solar radiation, and relative humidity recorded. The results of the ICP analysis revealed that Fe, Zn and Cu were the most abundant metals in both TSP and PM_2.5 in the two seasons. There were significant seasonal variations for concentrations of As, Ni and Zn in the urban area and for Fe, As, Cd, Ni and Zn in the industrial zone. This was attributed to the greater burning of fuels as well as to an increase in vehicular traffic, the effect of thermal inversion and changes in some meteorological parameters. The results of the sequential microanalysis by Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDS allowed observation of deposits of carbonaceous material on the particles and to perform the speciation of particles rich in Fe and Pb, which helped infer their possible emission sources.