生物过滤除臭填料挂膜驯化试验研究

将填料装入生物滤塔之前,对其进行挂膜驯化培养,待其成功后即可装填使用。试验结果表明,第12d后,发现树皮表面长有生物膜。在没有营养盐供应的情况下,微生物依然可以利用有机填料作为碳源进行代谢反应。42d后,从生物膜的镜检和混合液的pH值变化可知,用于除臭的优势微生物驯化成功。     

缺氧池填料投配比对A~2/O-MBR工艺反硝化除磷的影响

按20%的投配比往好氧1,2池中加入相同数量的悬浮式填料,将传统A2/O工艺转变为A2/O-MBR复合工艺。通过处理实际市政污水,重点考察了在缺氧池中不同填料投配比条件下,复合工艺的去除效果以及反硝化除磷效果。实验结果表明,当缺氧池中填料投配比为20%时,装置总体的处理效果最好。COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别达到了81.1%、80.3%、100%和85.2%。当投配比为10%时,反硝化除磷效果最明显,占总除磷量的48.3%。从经济角度出发,10%的投配比为最佳投配比。     

普通话与口才训练教学中应加强人文素质教育

经济社会的飞速发展并没有带来人文精神的匹配升华,新生代大学生无法和社会历史融合最重要的原因就是人文素质教育的缺乏。应使普通话与口才训练成为大学生人文素质教育的有效载体和实践途径,输送给学生口语交际知识和人文素质的双重养分。     

Stability of titania nanoparticles in soil suspensions and transport in saturated homogeneous soil columns

The stability of TiO₂ nanoparticles in soil suspensions and their transport behavior through saturated homogeneous soil columns were studied. The results showed that TiO₂ could remain suspended in soil suspensions even after settling for 10 days. The suspended TiO₂ contents in soil suspensions after 24 h were positively correlated with the dissolved organic carbon and clay content of the soils, but were negatively correlated with ionic strength, pH and zeta potential. In soils containing soil particles of relatively large diameters and lower solution ionic strengths, a significant portion of the TiO₂ (18.8-83.0%) readily passed through the soils columns, while TiO₂ was significantly retained by soils with higher clay contents and salinity. TiO₂ aggregate sizes in the column outflow significantly increased after passing through the soil columns. The estimated transport distances of TiO₂ in some soils ranged from 41.3 to 370 cm, indicating potential environmental risk of TiO₂ nanoparticles to deep soil layers.     

Rain‐washing of mimic®, RH‐5992, from balsam fir foliage following application of two formulations

Abstract

Two formulation concentrates of the insecticide, RH‐5992 [N'‐t‐butyl‐N'‐(3,5‐dimethylbenzoyl)‐N‐(4‐ethylbenzoyI) hydrazine], an aqueous flowable (2F) and an emulsion‐suspension (ES), were diluted with water to provide spray mixes containing dosage rates ranging from 35 to 150 g of the active ingredient (AI)/ha. The mixes were sprayed in a laboratory chamber, onto balsam fir branch tips collected from field trees and greenhouse‐grown seedlings. Droplet spectra and spray mass recovery were determined on artificial samplers. Simulated rainfall of two different intensities was applied at different rain‐free periods, and rain droplet sizes were determined. Foliar washoff of RH‐5992 was assessed after application of different amounts of rain, and the increase in soil residues was evaluated.

A direct relationship was indicated between the amount of rainfall and RH‐5992 washoff. The larger the rain droplet size, the greater the amount washed off. Longer rain‐free periods made the deposits more resistant to rain. Regardless of the amount of rainfall, rain droplet size and rain‐free period, foliar deposits of the 2F formulation were washed off to a greater extent than the ES formulation. The increase in soil residues due to foliar washoff was greater for the 2F than for the ES formulation. The deposits of the emulsion‐suspension were consistently more resistant to rain‐washing than those of the aqueous flowable formulation.     

侧入式搅拌槽中多相流流场特性的数值模拟

运用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对不同安装偏角的侧入式搅拌反应器中单相及多相流场进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明,典型安装偏角下,搅拌槽内流场是由内部围绕搅拌槽中心的高速环形上升流和外部沿搅拌槽壁面的低速下降流组成的大循环流。水平偏角既增加了整个搅拌槽流场的平均速度,有利于固体颗粒在整个搅拌槽内的悬浮性能,又增大了槽底高速流体区域的面积,因而改善了槽底固相沉积状况。竖直偏角增大了槽底高速流体区域的面积,并对槽底施加一定的冲刷作用,从而进一步降低了槽底固相沉积的可能性。无安装偏角时槽底固含率最多的地方主要积聚在搅拌器下方区域。搅拌器在水平偏角θ=10°,竖直偏角φ=5°时槽底大部分区域的固含率分布较均匀,仅在槽底搅拌器右侧的壁面区域存在小面积的固含率较高区域,在该安装偏角下整个搅拌槽的固液悬浮性能及防止底部固相沉积性能达到最佳。     

高浓度悬浮液的混凝实验及机理研究

进行了高浓度悬浮液的混凝实验研究。为研究混合阶段渐变剪切速率对混凝沉降效果的影响,在混合阶段分别采用固定搅拌转速和渐变搅拌转速进行实验。在混合阶段采用固定搅拌转速,当搅拌转速为210r/min时,絮体二维分形维数最高为1.8847,悬浮液浊度最低为118NTU。采用渐变搅拌转速的方法,由210r/min开始逐渐降低搅拌转速,絮体二维分形维数最大,为1.9205,处理后悬浮液浊度最小,为107NTU。在一般混凝沉降过程的规律及模型的基础上,提出了高浓度悬浮液混凝沉降过程的物理模型。     

阿特拉津土壤污染修复菌剂载体材料的筛选与应用

阿特拉津是长残留除草剂,其环境行为和生物修复技术已成为有机污染控制领域的研究热点。以廉价的高岭土、凹凸棒土和腐殖酸为载体材料,采用正交实验,把功能菌存活率作为目标性状,参考材料成球率,筛选出性能较好的高岭土、凹凸棒土和腐殖酸质量配比3种,分别为1∶0.5∶0.5(A3B2C1)、0.5∶0∶0.5(A2B3C1)和1∶0∶1(A3B1C2);在温度和紫外线耐受力实验中,A3B2C1材料配比更能够有效提升功能菌在高温和紫外线作用下的存活率,即载体中高岭土、凹凸棒土和腐殖酸质量比为1∶0.5∶0.5时效果最佳;利用A3B2C1载体材料配比制备菌剂,进行室内土壤修复实验,35 d时0.1%和0.5%载体菌剂添加量修复土壤中阿特拉津完全降解,而2个游离菌修复土壤中残留率均16%,0.1%载体菌剂添加量修复过程中土壤微生物Shannon多样性指数和均匀度变化幅度较其他修复方式小,有利于土壤微生物生态系统的平衡,因此0.1%载体菌剂添加量修复效果为最优。     

移动床生物膜反应器在污水处理中的应用研究

应用好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水,厌氧复合生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水,厌氧－好氧移动床生物膜工艺处理食品废水的试验均取得良好的效果。试验结果表明,该工艺具有处理效率高,出水水质稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,占地少,结构紧凑,维护管理简单的特点。     

蔓茎堇菜细胞悬浮培养的研究

对蔓茎堇菜细胞悬浮培养的条件进行了选择,并测定悬浮培养的生长动态。结果表明：蔓茎堇菜细胞悬浮培养的最适接种量为２．０～３．５ｇ（５０ｍＬ）;最适培养基为ＭＳ＋２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４－Ｄ＋１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＺＴ＋３００ｍｇ／Ｌ ＬＨ＋２００ｇ／Ｌ蔗糖（或葡萄糖）,ｐＨ５．８;细胞悬浮培养一个周期过程中细胞数目增长的动态基本上是一条Ｓ型曲线,对数生长期明显;细胞鲜重（ｍＦＷ）和细胞干重（ｍＤＷ）则与细胞