甘薯细胞悬浮培养的建立及其生长研究

由甘薯叶片诱导出愈伤组织,并由此建立起悬浮培养细胞系．分析其生长表明：南薯８８和８１２９４两种细胞系生长曲线均呈“Ｓ”型,其中南薯８８生长较快,是８１２９４的３倍以上,１０ｄ培养物的鲜重是初始鲜重的１０倍．培养条件研究结果表明：南薯８８细胞悬浮培养的最佳２,４Ｄ质量浓度为１．０ｍｇＬ－１,最佳蔗糖质量浓度为３０ｇＬ－１,椰乳和酵母汁能明显促进其生长;对于８１２９４,２,４Ｄ最佳质量浓度为２．５ｍｇＬ－１、蔗糖最佳质量浓度１５ｇＬ－１,酵母汁可促进其生长,但椰乳却无效;谷氨酰胺、色氨酸和脯氨酸不能促进甘薯悬浮细胞的生长,水解酪蛋白对其生长的促进作用亦不大;葡萄糖则抑制其生长     

基于健康监测系统的大跨度多荷载悬索桥的疲劳与可靠度评估(英文)

在过去的几十年,世界各地建立了许多大跨度悬索桥。通常这些桥梁需承受多种动力荷载,尤其是一些处于多台风地区的公铁两用桥梁。为了保证这些大跨悬索钢桥在运营期内的安全和正常使用,有必要以一定的时间间隔进行桥梁的疲劳和可靠度评估。有鉴于此,许多大跨悬索桥都安装了健康监测系统,但是如何运用其进行准确的疲劳评估仍然是一个问题。本文通过结合计算机模拟技术和健康监测系统的测量数据,以香港青马大桥为例,分析了在多荷载作用下的大跨度悬索桥的疲劳和可靠度。同时,作为利用结构健康监测技术进行结构健康状态评估的这一重要研究方向的有益实践,该研究发展了一系列方法用于评估桥梁的疲劳,以及通过考虑存在于结构的物理模型和计算机模拟中的不确定性用以评估疲劳的可靠度。     

HMX基钝感传爆药制备技术

为获得性能更佳的钝感传爆药,以奥克托今(HMX)原料为基础,采用溶剂-非溶剂重结晶技术,并辅以超声喷雾工艺制备细化HMX,同时,通过试验方法制备以丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、F2602和Viton A等3种材料为黏结剂的包覆HMX,并分别测试分析其安全性.结果表明:经过细化后,HMX的热稳定性和热敏感性降低,而撞击安定性则...     

Cr3+离子掺杂对负载TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

以钛酸丁酯和CrCl3·6H2O为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在钛片、玻璃、釉面瓷砖、陶瓷、不锈钢和铝片六种载体上制备了Cr3 掺杂TiO2薄膜。讨论了不同Cr3 掺杂浓度下,不同载体表面上制备的TiO2薄膜对甲基橙脱色率的影响。试验结果表明:Cr3 对TiO2薄膜的掺杂效果与载体的类型密切相关,并且不同载体其Cr3 掺杂的最佳浓度也不同。Cr3 掺杂后,TiO2薄膜光催化活性提高最大的是釉面瓷砖,其次是玻璃、钛片、铝片、陶瓷,最差的是负载不锈钢。     

抛煤机链条炉烟尘超标的改进措施

抛煤机链条炉属于半悬浮燃烧型锅炉 ,具有着火条件好、燃烧强烈、煤种适应性强和负荷调节灵敏等其他炉型所不具备的优点 ,但在实际运行中 ,该炉型又有排烟黑度高、含尘浓度大的缺点 ,大大超过环保要求的锅炉排烟标准 ,其生产及应用受到极大限制 ,因此 ,有效解决抛煤机链条炉消烟除尘问题具有十分现实的意义。本文对抛煤机链条炉普遍存在的排烟超标、出力不足、热效率低下等问题进行了详细分析 ,并结合实际提出了改进措施     

双模板分子印迹微球的制备及其在海水溶液中的分子识别行为研究

以萘和蒽为双模板分子,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂、聚乙烯醇（PVA）为分散剂,通过悬浮聚合制备了双模板分子印迹微球.采用紫外光谱法分析了双模板分子印迹效应产生的机制,用静态吸附实验考察了印迹微球对海水中2—3环多环芳烃的吸附选择性,并以分子印迹-分散固相微萃取法分析了海水中2—3环的多环芳烃.结果表明,双模板-功能单体分子间的多位点协同作用,优化了分子印迹材料的印迹孔穴,提高了双模板分子印迹微球的分子识别能力;所制备的双模板分子印迹材料使用3次后其选择识别性能未显著降低,显示出其富集与分离海水样品中2—3环多环芳烃的良好前景.     

不同填料类型污染源水生物预处理的比较

中国南方水质性缺水地区污染广泛采用生物预处理工艺净化污染水源,微生物载体以固定式填料和流化型填料为主.为考察2种类型填料的运行效能和微型生物多样性,以长江三角洲地区的污染源水为例,利用现场生产性试验和连续流中试研究了半软性弹性立体填料和悬浮填料的主要污染物去除效能、填料的积泥和冲洗、微型动物的生长和分布规律.研究结果表明,夏秋季相同源水水质和运行参数等条件下,悬浮填料和弹性填料对NH3-N的平均去除率分别为80%和65%左右, CODMn的去除率分别为18%和16%左右;悬浮填料上的微型动物种类和数量均低于固定式弹性立体填料,且少见群居性微型动物.生产性装置运行结果表明,源水水质相对较差的条件下,悬浮填料对NH3-N和CODMn的去除率分别比弹性填料高5%~10%;悬浮填料没有出现群居性微型动物大量生长现象,无需定期反冲洗;固定式弹性填料的某些区域出现苔藓虫等群居性微型动物大量生长现象,且积泥严重,需定期反冲洗,甚至使用高压水枪强制冲洗.流化型悬浮填料更有利于污染源水生物预处理工程应用.     

Enhanced nitrification in integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) system using novel clinoptilolite composite carrier

Novel carriers with favorable electrophilicity and hydrophilicity were prepared. Novel carriers had the capability of nitrification-enhancing. NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency of IFFAS process rose up to 20% with novel carriers. Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospirales were identified as the functional nitrifiers. The population of Nitrospirales increased by 4.51%. The integrated floating fixed-film activated sludge (IFFAS) process is an ideal preference for nitrification attributing to the longer sludge age for nitrifiers. However, as the core of this process, conventional carriers made of polymer materials usually exhibit negative charge and hydrophobicity on the surface, which is unbeneficial to nitrifying biofilm formation. In this study, novel clinoptilolite composite carriers with favorable hydrophilicity, positive charge and nitrification-enhancing capability were made and implemented in IFFAS system. In comparison with conventional carriers, the novel clinoptilolite composite carriers displayed positive charges on the surface (11.7±1.1 mV, pH 7.0) with increased hydrophilicity (surface contact angle dropped to 76.7°). The novel-carriers-based reactors achieved significantly better NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency at different influent concentrations, dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and shock loads (NH₄⁺-N removal efficiency rose up to 20% comparing with the control reactors filled with polyethylene (PE) carriers or activated sludge). High-throughput sequencing (HTS) results indicated the novel clinoptilolite composite carriers provided favorable niche for more types of bacteria, especially for Nitrosomonadales and Nitrospirales (the functional nitrifiers in the system). The population of Nitrospirales increased by 4.51% by using novel clinoptilolite composite carriers comparing with using PE carriers, which ensured enhanced nitrification process. This study was expected to provide a practical option for enhancing wastewater nitrification performance with the novel clinoptilolite composite carrier.     

辛置煤矿310轨道巷围岩破裂范围研究

辛置煤矿310轨道巷属于高应力软岩巷道,地质构造和岩层结构非常复杂多变。为了解该巷道的松动范围、塑性区分布和围岩破坏情况,采用U510非金属超声波检测仪,在辛置煤矿310轨道巷左右两帮合理布置检测点,进行现场松动圈测试。获得一系列测试结果,运用测试结果及围岩松动圈支护理论,可对310轨道巷支护提供理论依据。     

Effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency in a moving bed biofilm reactor

Three laboratory-scale moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) with different carrier filling ratios ranging from 40% to 60% were used to study the effects of carrier-attached biofilm on oxygen transfer efficiency. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three MBBRs in degrading chemical oxygen demand and ammonia. The three reactors removed more than 95% of NH ₄ ⁺ -N at an air flow-rate of 60 L·h^–1. The standard oxygen transfer efficiency (αSOTE) of the three reactors was also investigated at air flow-rates ranging from 60 to 100 L·h^–1. These results were compared to αSOTE of wastewater with a clean carrier (no biofilm attached). Results showed that under these process conditions, αSOTE decreased by approximately 70% as compared to αSOTE of wastewater at a different carrier-filling ratio. This indicated that the biofilm attached to the carrier had a negative effect on αSOTE. Mechanism analysis showed that the main inhibiting effects were related to biofilm flocculants and soluble microbial product (SMP). Biofilm flocs could decrease αSOTE by about 20%, and SMP could decrease αSOTE by 30%–50%.