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381.
Influence of natural dissolved organic carbon on the bioavailability of mercury to a freshwater alga 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Gorski PR Armstrong DE Hurley JP Krabbenhoft DP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,154(1):116-123
Bioavailability of mercury (Hg) to Selenastrum capricornutum was assessed in bioassays containing field-collected freshwater of varying dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) was measured using stable isotopes of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic Hg(II). BCFs for MeHg in low-DOC lake water were significantly larger than those in mixtures of lake water and high-DOC river water. The BCF for MeHg in rainwater (lowest DOC) was the largest of any treatment. Rainwater and lake water also had larger BCFs for Hg(II) than river water. Moreover, in freshwater collected from several US and Canadian field sites, BCFs for Hg(II) and MeHg were low when DOC concentrations were >5mg L(-1). These results suggest high concentrations of DOC inhibit bioavailability, while low concentrations may provide optimal conditions for algal uptake of Hg. However, variability of BCFs at low DOC indicates that DOC composition or other ligands may determine site-specific bioavailability of Hg. 相似文献
382.
Nam JJ Gustafsson O Kurt-Karakus P Breivik K Steinnes E Jones KC 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):809-817
Black carbon (BC) and total organic carbon (TOC) contents of UK and Norwegian background soils were determined and their relationships with persistent organic pollutants (HCB, PAHs, PCBs, co-planar PCBs, PBDEs and PCDD/Fs) investigated by correlation and regression analyses, to assess their roles in influencing compound partitioning/retention in soils. The 52 soils used were high in TOC (range 54-460 mg/g (mean 256)), while BC only constituted 0.24-1.8% (0.88%) of the TOC. TOC was strongly correlated (p < 0.001) with HCB, PCBs, co-PCBs and PBDEs, but less so with PCDD/Fs (p < 0.05) and PAHs. TOC explained variability in soil content, as follows: HCB, 80%; PCBs, 44%; co-PCBs, 40%; PBDEs, 27%. BC also gave statistically significant correlations with PBDEs (p < 0.001), co-PCBs (p < 0.01) and PCBs, HCB, PCDD/F (p < 0.05); TOC and BC were correlated with each other (p < 0.01). Inferences are made about possible combustion-derived sources, atmospheric transport and air-surface exchange processes for these compounds. 相似文献
383.
Five organic matters, three phosphate compounds, zerovalent iron grit (ZVIG, 2% by soil weight), two alkaline compounds, and two commercial formulations were incorporated, singly and some combined with ZVIG, into a highly Cu-contaminated topsoil (Soil P7, 2600 mg Cu kg−1) from a wood treatment facility. Formulations and two composts were also singly incorporated into a slightly Cu-contaminated topsoil (Soil P10, 118 mg Cu kg−1) from the facility surrounding. This aimed to reduce the labile pool of Cu and its accumulation in beans cultivated on potted soils in a climatic chamber. Lowest Cu concentration in soil solution occurred in P7 soils amended with activated carbon (5%) and ZVIG, singly and combined. Basic slag (3.9%) and compost of sewage sludge (5%) combined with ZVIG promoted shoot production and limited foliar Cu accumulation. For amended P10 soils, no changes occurred in soil solution and foliar Cu concentrations, but one compost increased shoot production. 相似文献
384.
Liu P Zhu D Zhang H Shi X Sun H Dang F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1053-1060
Improved predictions on the fate of organic pollutants in surface environments require a better understanding of the underlying sorption mechanisms that control their uptake by soils. In this study, we monitored sorption of nine aromatic compounds with varying physicochemical properties (hydrophobicity, electron-donor/acceptor ability and polarity), including two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, two chlorobenzenes, two nitroaromatic compounds, dichlobenil, carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenol in aqueous suspension of four surface soils of eastern China. The tested soils were characterized with respect to organic carbon (OC) content, black carbon content, mineralogy, morphology and size fraction to assess the role of the diverse soil characteristics in sorption. The results of this study show that not only the solute hydrophobicity and the OC content of soil are important to the retention of organic pollutants, but also the solute molecular structure and the soil nature. 相似文献
385.
从ISO14000环境管理体系与清洁生产两者产生的背景及涵义出发,讨论了两者的同一性和差异性,提出了在21世纪的新形势下,把清洁生产与ISO14000两者有机的结合,是实现可持续发展的重要手段。 相似文献
386.
387.
Chuaybamroong P Cayse K Wu CY Lundgren DA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):421-430
Ambient aerosols were collected during 2000–2001 in Gainesville, Florida, using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI)
to study mass size distribution and carbon composition. A bimodal mass distribution was found in every sample with major peaks
for aerosols ranging from 0.32 to 0.56 μm, and 3.2 to 5.6 μm in diameter. The two distributions represent the fine mode (<2.5 μm)
and the coarse mode (>2.5 μm) of particle size. Averaged over all sites and seasons, coarse particles consisted of 15% carbon
while fine particles consisted of 22% carbon. Considerable variation was noted between winter and summer seasons. Smoke from
fireplaces in winter appeared to be an important factor for the carbon, especially the elemental carbon contribution. In summer,
organic carbon was more abundant. The maximum secondary organic carbon was also found in this season (7.0 μg m−3), and the concentration is between those observed in urban areas (15–20 μg m−3) and in rural areas (4–5 μg m−3). However, unlike in large cities where photochemical activity of anthropogenic emissions are determinants of carbon composition,
biogenic sources were likely the key factor in Gainesville. Other critical factors that affect the distribution, shape and
concentration were precipitation, brushfire and wind. 相似文献
388.
Libby, Montana is the only PM2.5 nonattainment area in the western United States with the exceptions of parts of southern California. During January through
March 2005, a particulate matter (PM) sampling program was conducted within Libby’s elementary and middle schools to establish
baseline indoor PM concentrations before a wood stove change-out program is implemented over the next several years. As part
of this program, indoor concentrations of PM mass, organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) in five different size fractions
(>2.5, 1.0–2.5, 0.5–1.0, 0.25–0.5, and <0.25 μm) were measured. Total measured PM mass concentrations were much higher inside
the elementary school, with particle size fraction (>2.5, 0.5–1.0, 0.25–0.5, and <0.25 μm) concentrations between 2 and 5
times higher when compared to the middle school. The 1.0–2.5 μm fraction had the largest difference between the two sites,
with elementary school concentrations nearly 10 times higher than the middle school values. The carbon component for the schools’
indoor PM was found to be predominantly composed of OC. Measured total OC and EC concentrations, as well as concentrations
within individual size fractions, were an average of two to five times higher at the elementary school when compared to the
middle school. For the ultrafine fraction (<0.25), EC concentrations were similar between each of the schools. Despite the
differences in concentrations between the schools at the various fraction levels, the OC/EC ratio was determined to be similar. 相似文献
389.
We determined the maximum amounts of added phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl sorbed onto high-energy adsorption sites in a sediment on bi-solute experiments. The bi-solute pairs were phenanthrene/chrysene and phenanthrene/2,5-dichlorobiphenyl. On the bi-solute sorption experiments, one solute was introduced and equilibrated with sediment prior to addition of the second solute. The values for the maximum amounts adsorbed onto high-energy sites revealed that, after equilibration of the first solute, still some high-energy sites could be occupied by the second solute. Phenanthrene, chrysene, and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl seem to share about 30% of the accessible high-energy adsorption sites in the sediment employed. 相似文献