Sustainable development pattern and the strategy in the three Gorges Reservoir Areas

The development pattern,development situation,and existing problems of land exploitation in Zigui County,Three Gorges Reservoir Areas of China were presented.The sustainable development mode and its strategy in the Three Gorges Reservoir Areas was also discussed.A sustainable development framework for low mountain regions,middle mountain regions and high mountain regions was developed,and management countermeasures for structural optimization of complex ecosystems were advanced.     

试论水质管理与饮水安全

随着生活水平的不断提高，人们对饮用水质量提出了更高的要求，而水环境质量的普通恶化又使人们不得不考虑饮用水的安全性。在简介了我国水资源现状的基础上，文中阐述了水质问题的重要性和我国水体环境质量的严峻性，指出了水质问题不仅制约着社会经济的发展，更直接地丰人们饮用水的安全性，已成为进入21世纪我国水资源问题的主要矛盾；在分析了我国水资源水质管理存在问题的基础上，从法律、法规、政策、经济等方面，着重探讨了加强水质管理与解决水资源供需矛盾和保证饮用水安全的关系。     

城市空气质量中长期预报的探讨

江苏省环境空气质量预报工作已开展多年,在这几年的预报工作中,发现现在使用的对未来24 h空气质量预报的方式上存在一些问题,从而限制空气质量预报发挥应有的作用.改进预报方式,在现有的空气质量预报的基础上,开展城市空气质量的中长期预报,有利于各级政府及环境管理部门,提前采取必要的措施,减少或控制污染的产生,从而避免城市空气污染事件的发生,以保护城市居民的身体健康.     

Climate anomalies, Indonesian vegetation fires and terrestrial carbon emissions

There was a widespread misconception about the causes of vegetation and land fires in Indonesia. At a certain point, the public perceived that fires and the associated haze pollution were primarily caused by smallholders' agricultural activities. In fact, there was a variety of land-use activities including large-scale land clearing following deforestation for further land development. El Niño events and the associated dry weather were sometimes quoted by officials and the media as the cause of fires. The fire episodes from 1980 to 2000 were analysed in connection with climate anomalies and the implementation of land-use policies related to forest conversions. The analysis employs long-term climatic and sea surface temperature data to reconstruct climate distributions and anomalies including Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR). In this study, the terrestrial carbon emissions from vegetation fires were estimated based on official statistical data on area burnt. The possible incentives for sustainable land management were discussed in the light of fire prevention. The underlying cause neglected in the discussion of Indonesian vegetation fires was forest and land development policy. Legitimated in the early 1980s, it drove massive forest conversions and the use of fires for land clearing. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) provided dry weather suitable for biomass burning and widespread fire, but it was hardly the cause of fires. The estimate of area burnt in the big fires in 1997 was about 11.6 Mha, resulting in carbon release of 1.45 Gt, equivalent to 0.73 ppmv of CO₂, or almost half the annual global atmospheric CO₂ growth. Based on the current carbon market price such emissions by the 1997 fire episode were worth around US$ 3.6 billion.     

清原县生态示范区建设与可持续发展

清原县地处大伙房水库上游,资源丰富,但经济欠发达,实施生态示范区建设,其意义在于以生态环境建设促进经济建设。依据县生态环境状况及存在的主要环境问题,结合国民经济发展规划,运用生态学原理,以实现可持续发展战略和促进经济增长方式转变为中心,概述了清原县生态示范区建设总体规划,从经济、生态、社会三方面进行了效益分析,从人口素质、产业结构、工业布局、资源利用、污染控制和城乡建设等六个方面进行了可持续发展分析。     

云南生物多样性的保护和可持续利用

通过对云南省生物多样性概貌、生物资源特点及生物多样性受到威胁现状和原因的分析，探讨了生物多样性保护模式和对策，以实现生物多样性的持续利用。     

影响杉木人工林可持续经营因素探讨

杉木人工林土壤肥力和林分生产力逐代下降，直接影响杉木林地可持续经营。影响杉木人工林可持续经营的因素是多方面的，主要和杉木人工林所处亚热带红壤区生态系统的脆弱性和杉木人工林群落的单一性及杉木生物学特性等有关，而传统杉木人工林培育过程中采取一系列传统的营林措施则加剧了林地地力衰退。根据目前杉木人工林经营现状，建议在杉木人工林经营过程中应尽量降低营林措施干扰强度，特别是炼山措施的采取；同时开展有关林地可持续模式试验及评价指标体系的研究，以寻找适合不同地区的杉木人工林可持续经营模式。在此基础上，搞好杉木人工林规划和发展，这对南方杉木产区林地可持续经营实践具有较大的指导意义     

西藏生态经济系统的能值分析与可持续发展研究

在简要分析西藏的自然、社会经济概况及其在中国的战略地位基础上，运用能值理论与方法，对其主要资源的贮存价值、总能值用量、能值的流入流出情况、人口承载力、能值投入率、能值使用强度、环境负荷等指标进行了系统研究，并与其他国家的有关指标进行了比较研究，提出了进一步开发西藏资源、实现可持续发展目标的政策建议。     

环境监测是环境监理的技术基础

环境监测和环境监理工作的工作对象、内容、目标、对时、空的要求和所依据的法规、标准都是一致的。要协调的二者的关系，最重要的是建立“四个衔接”的双向工作秩序。     

清洁生产是发展云南磷肥工业的必由之路

云南磷矿储量占全国总储量的１９．１３％，将建成全国最大的磷化工基地。造成磷肥工业污染问题的原因一是矿物原料品位低，二是高污染的原料路线，三是非经济生产规模，四是落后的生产管理。要合理有效地利用资源，要使环境能够承载，就必须推行清洁生产，这是云南磷肥工业可持续发展的必由之路。