地热水养殖对鱼的卫生质量的影响

地热水中常含有某些有害的化学成分,本文论述了利用地热水养殖对鱼的影响,我们发现,由于生物富集作用,在地热水中生长的鱼含氟量较高,还含有砷,镉等污染物,因此,利用地热水养殖,应该十分注重鱼产品的卫生质量。     

Correlational evidence of a sexually-selected handicap

Handicap models of sexual selection predict that ornaments must be costly to produce and/or to wear and maintain; only then can they evolve as reliable signals of genetic quality. We investigated in the laboratory one potential cost of possessing ornaments, using the viviparous fish Girardinichthys multiradiatus and its natural predator, the snake Thamnophis melanogaster. We found that female G. multiradiatus show preferences for males with larger fins, as measured from body correlates. Males with a morphology attractive to females, however, were more likely to be captured by snakes than were other males (Fig. 5). Greater vulnerability to snakes cannot be explained as a result of snake visual preferences, because snakes responded similarly to males and females (Fig. 6). Finally, males, particularly dominant ones, were more likely to inspect foraging snakes than were females (Fig. 7). We conclude that male Girardinichthys multiradiatus experience a sexually-selected handicap due to reduced mobility resulting from having enlarged fins.     

Ecological Survey of Coastal I Water Adjacent to Nuclear Power I Plants in Taiwan

A total of six nuclear reactors installed in three power plants, two along the northern and one along the southern coasts of Taiwan, started their operations one after another since October 1977. Owing to the large quantities of cooling water intake into and discharge from the plants, some environmental factors such as water temperature, chlorine, environmental radioactivity and nearshore currents may be significantly changed. Variations of these abiotic environmental factors may influence the biological activities in the ecosystem, particularly doing some kinds of damage to marine biological resources. Therefore, the possible environmental impact upon the biological systems including the fishery resources along the northern and southern coasts of Taiwan should be studied before and during the plant operation.

We have started the long-term programmes of biological, chemical and hydro-graphical surveys of the nuclear power plant sites on both northern (since July 1974) and southern (since July 1979) coasts of Taiwan. the survey items include ocean currents, physical and chemical properties of sea water, primary productivity, specific compositions and interspecific relationships among phyto- and zooplankton, algae, invertebrates, corals, and fishes; and radionuclides in water and biological specimens, and fishery statistics. in general, except for a few events, the operations of the six units of nuclear power plants have not produced detectable effects on the marine ecosystem. Radio activity levels and radionuclides in water and the biological specimens remained the same as background levels throughout the survey period. However, the events of coral bleaching and fish body anomalies caused by thermal discharges were observed respectively along the outlets of third and second Nuclear Power Plants. the purposes of this paper are to report and evaluate these two events during the operations of nuclear power plants in Taiwan.     

辽东半岛海域鱼贝中有机氯农药残留及其风险评估

2011年1月-2012年5月间采集了辽东半岛海域11种鱼类和2种贝类样品,分析了其可食部位中22种有机氯农药的残留量,评估了其中DDTs和HCHs的残留对人体健康的风险。在所调查样品中HCB、HCHs和DDTs是主要的污染物,样品中OCPs残留量为57.12~546.15μg·kg^-1。利用污染指数计算法评估,旅顺海域小黄鱼、鳙鱼、中国斗鱼和偏口鱼未受到HCHs的污染,棒花鱼受到HCHs轻度污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染,而对于DDTs,只有鲫鱼未受到污染,其它鱼种样品均受到重度污染。大黄鱼、梭鱼、黑鱼和鳙鱼体内HCHs残留量明显高于国标再残留限值,DDTs残留量符合国标标准。α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDD和p,p'-DDT的致癌风险指数范围为0.32×10^-6~49.57×10^-6,均低于10-4,为可接受的致癌风险;α-HCH、γ-HCH、β-HCH、p,p'-DDE的接触风险指数ERI为0.01×10^-3~153.28×10^-3,均小于1,为可接受的接触风险,但2012年4月的黑鱼样品上述六种农药的CRI总值高于10^-4,存在潜在的致癌风险,因此,建议黑鱼的日均食用量应控制在50 g以下较为安全。     

Lead, Zinc, Copper, and Cadmium in Fish and Sediments from the Big River and Flat River Creek of Missouri's Old Lead Belt

The Old Lead Belt of Missouri was a major lead-producing region for over a century. Several large tailings piles and other industrial wastes remain behind, though mining operations in the region ceased in 1972. Samples of stream sediments and fish were collected from established sites on the Big River and Flat River Creek over a 3-year period from 1998 to 2000 to evaluate ongoing remediation efforts and determine the current impact of residual mining wastes. Benthic sediments and fish taken in the vicinity of inactive industrial sites were found to contain elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd. Concentrations of Pb and Zn in fillets of suckers and sunfish, as well as in whole bodies of sunfish, correlate well with metal concentrations observed in surficial sediments. The results of analyses provide valuable quantitative information regarding specific sources, current levels of contamination, potential risk to public health, and will allow more accurate assessment of continuing remediation efforts.     

环境污染物干扰鱼类体色的研究及其生态毒理学意义

鱼类体色对环境污染物十分敏感,使其成为污染监测中理想的生物指示物,具有广阔的应用前景。鱼类体色调控复杂,涉及的基因丰富。本文综述污染物对鱼类体色的干扰作用及可能的干扰机制,为鱼类体色应用于污染监测相关生物标志物筛选及生态风险评估提供参考资料;同时,从鱼类色素合成和代谢、色素细胞发育和迁移、体色变化的调控等方面,综述鱼类体色的分子基础,有助于探究污染物干扰鱼类体色的可能靶点和毒理学机制,为鱼类体色生理学基础理论的发展提供重要参考资料。     

鱼组织中多环芳烃的测定

研究了鱼体中2-5环多环芳烃的分析方法。方法包括皂化、萃取、氧化铝柱色谱分组、SephadexLH-20凝胶色谱净化, 以及气相色谱和高效液相色谱方法分离测定, 其方法对多环芳烃的添加回收率在60%到98%之间, 检测限为0.lppb.应用本方法测定了北京地区两个鱼样体内多环芳烃的含量。     

溴氰菊酯对鱼虾的毒性与安全评价研究

通过室内试验和野外试验研究了溴氰菊酯农药对龟类和虾类的毒性、回避性和实际危害性。结果表明，溴氰菊酯对鲤鱼的ＬＣ５０（２４ｈ）为１．０μｇ／Ｌ，对日本沼虾的ＬＣ５０（３ｈ）为０．４１μｇ／Ｌ。在稻田中按规定的剂量使用溴氰菊酯农药治虫，对稻田养鱼和邻近鱼塘无危害影响；对虾类有较大的危害性。但虾类对溴氰菊酯有十分明显的回避性，在自然水域中溴氰菊酯对虾类的实际危害程度比在实验条件下要轻些。     

The State of Food Resources and Reproductive Success of Tufted and Horned Puffins in the Northern Sea of Okhotsk

Studies on the reproductive biology of seabirds on Talan and Umara islands in 1987–1999 showed that the diet of nestlings and reproductive success of the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata) and horned puffin (Fratercula corniculata) considerably varied in different colonies. This was determined by differences in the hydrologic characteristics of water areas and the state of food resources in Taui Bay (the northern Sea of Okhotsk). The reproductive success of tufted puffins was higher on Umara Island due to more favorable environmental conditions and relatively stable food resources in Odyan Bay. The parameters of reproductive success and the nestling diet in tufted and horned puffins from Talan Island differed considerably. The survival of nestlings was always higher in horned puffins, which was related to some characteristics of their feeding ecology.