A two-stage anaerobic system for biodegrading wastewater containing terephthalic acid and high strength easily degradable pollutants

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｅｒｅｐｈｔｈａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＴＡ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒａｗｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｅｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｓｕｃｈａｓｒｅｓｉｎ ,ｔｅｒｙｌｅｎｅｆｉｂｒｅ ,ｐｌａｓｔｉｃｆｉｌｍａｎｄｄｙｅａｎｄｓｏｏｎ .Ｉｎ 1999,ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆＴＡｗａｓａｂｏｕｔ10 0ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｐｅｒｙｅａｒ,ａｎｄｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｒａｒｅａｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＴＡｉｎｃｌｕｄｅＵＳＡ ,Ｊａｐａｎ ,Ｓｏｕ…     

模拟海水环境中8-羟基喹啉对B10铜合金的缓蚀行为研究

目的 研究模拟海水环境中8-羟基喹啉(8-HQ)对B10铜合金的缓蚀行为.方法 采用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和失重法等手段,研究不同浓度8-HQ在1 mol/L NaCl溶液中对铜合金的缓蚀效果,并采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对铜合金表面的锈层成分进行分析.结果 中时,其自腐蚀电流密度减小,阻抗模值增大.随着8-HQ浓度的升高,8-HQ对铜合金的缓蚀效率表现出先升高、后下降的阶段性特征.当铜合金浸泡在10 mg/L 8-HQ的NaCl溶液中时,阻抗模值和缓蚀效率随着浸泡时间的延长总体表现出增大的趋势.同时,对锈层的红外光谱分析进一步证明了Cu(8-HQ)2的存在.结论 8-HQ的存在减小了铜合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率,这与8-HQ在铜合金表面形成了保护膜,阻止氧从溶液中向阴极区域迁移有关.当8-HQ的质量浓度为10 mg/L时,其对铜合金的缓蚀效果最佳,并且该浓度下铜合金的耐腐蚀性能随着浸泡时间的延长持续上升.主要原因是8-HQ和Cu2+形成的[Cu(Ⅱ)HQ]络合膜与不断增厚的CuCl2保护膜在铜合金表面产生协同作用,从而抑制了电极的腐蚀反应.     

New insight into scale inhibition during tea brewing: Ca2+/Mg2+ complexing and alkalinity consumption

Scale not only affects the taste and color of water, but also increases the risks of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases associated with drinking it. As a popular beverage, tea is rich many substances that have considerable potential for scale inhibition, including protein, tea polyphenols and organic acids. In this study, the effect of tea brewing on scale formation was explored. It was found that the proteins, catechins and organic acids in tea leaves could be released when the green tea was brewed in water with sufficient hardness and alkalinity. The tea-released protein was able to provide carboxyl groups to chelate with calcium ions (Ca²⁺), preventing the Ca²⁺ from reacting with the carbonate ions (CO₃²⁻). The B rings of catechins were another important structure in the complexation of Ca²⁺ and magnesium ions (Mg²⁺). The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the organic acids was able to form five-membered chelating rings with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, resulting in a significant decrease in Ca²⁺ from 100.0 to 60.0 mg/L. Additionally, the hydrogen ions (H⁺) provided by the organic acids consumed and decreased the alkalinity of the water from 250.0 to 131.4 mg/L, leading to a remarkable reduction in pH from 8.93 to 7.73. It further prevented the bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) from producing CO₃²⁻ when the water was heated. The reaction of the tea constituents with the hardness and alkalinity inhibited the formation of scale, leading to a significant decrease in turbidity from 10.6 to 1.4 NTU. Overall, this study provides information to help build towards an understanding of the scale inhibition properties of tea and the prospects of tea for anti-scaling in industrial applications.     

植物酶抑制技术用于检测蔬菜中有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

应用植物酶抑制技术检测蔬菜中的有机磷及氨基甲酸酯类农药。用小柱对样品进行预处理，可去除叶绿素的干扰、提高检测灵敏度。提出了抑制率阈值（15％）。应用本方法对市售蔬菜的农药残留进行了调查，检出率约为10％。     

铝对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤

铝作为土壤主要元素之一,是酸性条件下影响植物生长发育的一个主要原因。为进一步探讨酸性条件下铝对植物细胞的毒性作用机理,文章以蚕豆(ViciafabaL.)为材料,研究了不同酸度(pH4.5和pH5.8)的三氯化铝对根尖细胞的遗传损伤作用。结果表明,pH5.8和pH4.5的铝处理(0.03~50mmol·L-1)组中根尖细胞分裂指数呈浓度依赖性降低,微核细胞数显著增加。相同铝浓度时,pH4.5组的分裂指数低于pH5.8组,微核率高于后者。此外,铝处理能诱发根尖细胞核固缩,固缩率随酸度增强和铝浓度增大而增高。研究结果表明,三氯化铝对蚕豆根尖细胞具有遗传损伤作用,酸性增强时铝的毒性作用增强。     

Comparison of the insecticidal effects of water extracted and intact aromatic plants onAcanthoscelides obtectus,a bruchid beetle pest of kidney beans

Summary Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) is one of the most damaging pests of kidney beans,Phaseolus vulgaris L. worldwide. However, aromatic plants from the families Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae and Poaceae can protect kidney beans by direct or delayed insecticidal effect, through increased adult mortality and inhibition of beetle reproduction (both oviposition and adult emergence). The efficiency of hydrodistillated and intact plants fromThymus vulgaris andT. serpyllum, Mentha piperata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Satureia hortensis, Eucalyptus globulus, Laurus nobilis, Origanum vulgare, andCymbopogon nardus was compared. For both extracts,Origanum vulgare had the best effect. The insecticidal effect was induced by more than the essential oils because no significant difference was noticed between distilled and intact plants extract. Inhibition of reproduction was particularly important. These results suggest that lipidic as well as non lipidic, allelochemicals, such as phenolics, or non-protein amino-acids, or flavonoids may be involved in the toxicity of aromatic plants to this beetle.     

稻草秸秆发酵液对铜绿微囊藻生化参数影响

针对铜绿微囊藻在稻草秸秆（水稻分蘖枝）发酵液胁迫下的酶学特征及抗氧化能力、藻毒素和多糖含量等生化指标进行了检测分析，旨在为利用稻草秸秆抑藻提供进一步理论依据.结果表明：铜绿微囊藻在水稻分蘖枝发酵液胁迫下，其表征藻细胞代谢水平的酯酶活性显著降低，实验第5d，最高浓度组（0.65%V/V）99.9%的藻细胞内酯酶活性均被抑制，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力分别下降至同期对照组的11.03%和8.47%；丙二醛（MDA）含量则与发酵液浓度以及作用时间呈显著正相关，pearson分析表明，所有浓度组和作用时间内r值均大于0.9，而P值均小于0.01，表明水稻分蘖枝发酵液可显著降低藻细胞的抗氧化水平；但高浓度水稻分蘖枝发酵液没有引起微囊藻毒素（MCs）升高，甚至显著降低MCs和多糖的含量，与对照组相比，P<0.01.因此，水稻分蘖枝发酵液可通过影响铜绿微囊藻的代谢过程，降低藻细胞抗氧化以及抵御对环境胁迫的能力，从而达到有效抑藻的目的.     

五氯酚对斜生栅藻的毒性效应研究

以斜生栅藻细胞的生长状况、色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)及蛋白质含量的变化作为指标,研究了不同质量浓度的五氯酚(0,0.02,0.05,0.10,0.50,1.00 mg/L)对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的毒性效应.24,48,72,96和120 h五氯酚对斜生栅藻的EC50分别为0.883,0.283,0.225,0.168和0.192 mg/L.斜生栅藻生长受抑制程度随五氯酚质量浓度增加而加强,当五氯酚的质量浓度超过0.50 mg/L时,斜生栅藻的生长几乎完全受到抑制.染毒96 h的斜生栅藻色素(叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素)含量以及蛋白质含量随着五氯酚质量浓度的增加呈下降趋势,色素比例失调,色素对五氯酚的敏感程度为:类胡萝卜素＞叶绿素a＞叶绿素b;可溶性蛋白质含量与色素含量的减少呈明显线性相关(r=0.793,n=6).      

臭氧对中温循环冷却水系统的缓蚀性能研究

循环冷却水系统中普遍存在结垢腐蚀现象,目前常用的解决方法是在系统中加入缓蚀阻垢药剂,臭氧(O3)对循环水冷却系统同时具备阻垢、缓蚀、杀菌等多重功能。采用臭氧处理中温循环冷却水,研究在不同臭氧投加量时系统的腐蚀情况,确定最佳投加量。结果表明:当臭氧投加量为4.5 mg/L时,20碳钢和铸铁的缓蚀能力最佳。20碳钢腐蚀率最低为0.228 mm/a,比空白对照组降低了75%;铸铁的最低腐蚀率为0.282 mm/a,比空白对照组降低了61.5%。当臭氧投加量为9.0 mg/L时,镀锌试片的腐蚀率在0.206~0.275 mm/a,比空白对照组降低了38.2%左右,缓蚀效果较为明显。