Clean energy,clean water,and quality education: Prospects of achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Sri Lanka

The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 targets universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services by 2030. Modern or clean energy is perceived to be the golden thread that connects economic growth, human development, and environmental sustainability. However, one third of the world's population still uses solid fuels for cooking, endangering human health, and the environment. This paper, therefore, analyses demographic, socio-economic, and housing characteristics that affect the fuel choice for cooking. Further, it identifies how SDG 4 (quality education) and SDG 6 (clean water) create synergies with SDG 7 (clean energy). The data are obtained from the four waves of the Sri Lankan Households Income and Expenditure Survey, covering more than 79,000 households. The random-effects panel multinomial logit results reveal that household income, wealth, marital status and education of the head, age and education of the spouse, household size, number of children, housing characteristics, and residential sector are vital in selecting clean fuel for cooking. Furthermore, advanced sustainability analysis shows SDG 4 and 6 have a strong synergistic effect on SDG 7. Policymakers can use the findings to prioritise educational, water, and sanitation programmes in national policies aimed at enhancing the use of clean cooking fuel and technologies to meet SDG 7 by 2030.     

柴油机微粒捕集器复合再生性能及其场协同分析

基于柴油机微粒捕集器瞬态复合再生机理,建立了CFD三维仿真模型,并利用漩涡破碎燃烧模型和场协同数学模型对柴油机微粒捕集器瞬态复合再生过程的速度矢量和温度梯度进行了数值模拟和场协同分析,结果表明,再生时间为175 s时的微粒捕集器过滤体后端壁面峰值温度达到1 184 K,且其过滤体内速度矢量和温度梯度的协同度最好,最优燃烧再生区域所占最大比值为0.58,表明此时微粒捕集器过滤体内再生燃烧速率最大,其再生效率最高。     

区域生态创新协同度及其影响因素研究

科技创新和低碳环保成为当今时代的主题,如何有效推动区域生态创新对于我国生态文明建设具有重要意义。本文基于低碳环保创新视角构建科技创新与生态环境复合系统协同度模型,在此基础上,选用2005-2013年中国三大城市群的面板数据对中国区域生态创新协同度进行测评,并运用计量经济模型从政府、市场、区域三个层面对生态创新协同度影响因素进行实证分析。协同度测度结果表明三大城市群生态创新协同度在[-0.05,0.3]之间震荡,协同度水平较低,区域科技创新与生态环境协同机制尚未建立。协同度增长速度存在空间差异,长三角增长速度最快,珠三角次之,京津冀增长最慢,原因在于河北省的生态创新协同度较低,京津冀区域存在内部发展不平衡问题。由于宏观经济环境和政府政策的影响,三大城市群协同度变化在时间上具有一致趋势。协同度影响因素分析表明政府环境规制、科技创新支持以及市场竞争程度对区域生态创新协同具有积极的推动作用,这说明政府增加环境规制强度和科技创新支持力度可以有效促进区域生态创新协同,市场竞争程度的提高也有利于提高区域生态创新协同水平。基于上述实证分析,本文认为政府应积极推动创新驱动战略和区域协同发展战略,加强环境规制和科技创新支持力度,建立生态创新产业链,鼓励绿色创新产业的发展,以科技创新拉动生态效益的改善,同时规范市场竞争秩序,完善技术交易市场,为绿色创新技术成果转化消除障碍,促进城市群形成生态创新协同机制并对全国各省市形成良好示范效应。     

高压放电等离子体协同锰锆镧铈催化剂降解乙酸乙酯的特性与机制

实验制备了新型Mn-Zr-La-Ce/Al₂O₃、Mn-Zr-Cu和Mn-Co-Ce 3种催化剂,利用SEM-EDS、XRD、BET、FT-IR、O₂-TPD进行表征分析,研究了高压放电协同催化剂对乙酸乙酯的降解因素影响规律(催化剂种类、初始浓度、含氧量和进气气量),通过对出口气体GC-MS等分析,探讨了高压放电协同催化降解乙酸乙酯的机理.结果表明,高压放电低温等离子体协同Mn-Zr-La-Ce催化剂对于乙酸乙酯的降解效果最好,当电压为40 kV时,降解效率为94.6%,能量效率为1.52 g·kW^-1·h^-1,降解副产物O₃及NO_x浓度较低.降解效率随着初始浓度、气量的增加而较低,但随着含氧量的增加则是先升高后下降.GC-MS等分析结果表明,在降解乙酸乙酯过程中会产生丙酸乙酯和乙酸正已酯等中间产物,最终生成CO₂、H₂O.     

Linking ecosystem services and human‐values theory

Understanding why people make the decisions they do remains a fundamental challenge facing conservation science. Ecosystem service (ES) (a benefit people derive from an ecosystem) approaches to conservation reflect efforts to anticipate people's preferences and influence their environmental behavior. Yet, the design of ES approaches seldom includes psychological theories of human behavior. We sought to alleviate this omission by applying a psychological theory of human values to a cross‐cultural ES assessment. We used interviews and focus groups with fish workers from 28 coral reef fishing communities in 4 countries to qualitatively identify the motivations (i.e., human values) underlying preferences for ES; quantitatively evaluate resource user ES priorities; and identify common patterns among ES motivations and ES priorities (i.e., trade‐offs and synergies). Three key findings are evident that align with human values theory. First, motivations underlying preferences for individual ESs reflected multiple human values within the same value domain (e.g., self‐enhancement). Second, when averaged at community or country scales, the order of ES priorities was consistent. However, the order belied significant variation that existed among individuals. Third, in line with human values theory, ESs related to one another in a consistent pattern; certain service pairs reflected trade‐off relationships (e.g., supporting and provisioning), whereas other service pairs reflected synergistic relationships (e.g., supporting and regulating). Together, these findings help improve understanding of when and why convergence and trade‐offs in people's preferences for ESs occur, and this knowledge can inform the development of suitable conservation actions.     

企业安全文化管理技术体系理论与实践探讨

为推动企业安全文化建设,实现不同群体行为安全整体协同发展,应用协同理论、自适应性管理及行为安全等方法,架构了企业安全文化管理技术体系。该技术体系强调安全文化整体提升需要外部推动力(企业例行的安全管理制度)及内部自驱力(员工安全文化自律提升)协同发展,最终实现由外部推动力向内部自驱力的转化。将构建的技术体系引入试点矿进行有效性验证,并运行2个周期。运行评估结果表明,试点矿不同群体对安全文化意识均呈整体提升,增长幅度比较大的是高层管理者(55.13%),其次是中层管理者(4.74%),一线员工层(4.48%)、培训层(3.69%)。     

高原地震协同应急方法研究——以玉树地震为例

为提高各高原地震应对部门间的协同联动能力,基于组织冲突角度的协同思想对高原地震应急方法进行研究。针对我国高原地震特点,结合高原地震相关应急预案中各主体的职责体系,归纳高原地震应急过程中5种基本冲突类型,建立冲突矩阵。并基于"解决冲突,有序协同"的理念,提出协同应急响应方法,建立协同效率评价模型。就玉树地震救援过程,拟合出高原地震中4个主要部门(救援队伍、医疗部门、交通部门以及协会组织)的协同救援效率,并作出救援效果曲线。结果表明:采用根据冲突模型构建的协同应急方法不仅能够极大地提高救援效率,还能够发现影响救援效率的潜在冲突。     

THEORY,DEVELOPMENT, AND UTILIZATION POTENTIAL OF THE BIOMILIEU CONCEPT1

The paper presents a quantitative engineering approach to analysis of total environment allowing for simultaneous consideration of a theoretically infinite number of quality indicators and physiological requirements. It discusses theory and fundamentals of a two-dimensional space and time function solution concerning a small estuarine-type environment. A three dimensional solution is indicated. Input data may range from reconnaissance-type to the outputs of mathematical transport models. Applications are discussed with respect to environmental quality problems, availability of suitable data, and some areas of research where results could find immediate application.     

电场效应与催化湿式氧化协同作用研究

在自行研制开发的一套固定床和复合三维电场一体化连续式催化湿式氧化反应器中,采用浸渍法制备的Mn-Sn-Sb-3/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,实验研究了苯酚催化湿式氧化、电催化氧化以及电场效应下的催化湿式氧化过程的行为.结果表明,一体化反应器在较低反应温度（t=130℃）和氧分压（PO₂=1.0 MPa）下即可获得相当满意的处理效果,空时仅为27 min时苯酚和TOC的去除率就分别可达到94.0%和88.4%.电场效应下的催化湿式氧化协同降解苯酚的反应速率常数大于单独电催化或催化湿式氧化降解苯酚的反应速率常数,而且还大大超过两者之和,电催化氧化对催化湿式氧化工艺存在明显的协同增效作用.     

光催化与Fenton试剂对硝基苯酚降解的研究

文章对光催化/Fenton试剂联合降解硝基苯酚模拟废水进行了研究。探讨了硝基苯酚溶液的初始浓度、pH、亚铁离子浓度、双氧水浓度、催化剂量等对对硝基苯酚降解效果影响。结果表明,对于200mL,浓度为100mg/L的硝基苯酚溶液,当加入Fe2+为20mg/L,5mmol/LH2O2,催化剂TiO2为0.6g/L,紫外灯功率为250W且反应40min后,对硝基苯酚的降解率达到约100%。通过对比试验,发现光催化和Fenton试剂对对硝基苯酚的降解起协同作用,并通过GC/MS技术测定中间产物并给出了可能的降解途径。