Identification, synthesis and activity of sex pheromone gland components of the autumn gum moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator of Eucalyptus

Summary. The autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is native to Australia and can be a pest of plantation eucalypts. Field-collected and laboratory-reared female autumn gum moths were dissected to remove glands likely to contain components of the sex pheromone. Using gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), three compounds were identified from female extracts, namely (3Z,6 Z,9 Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene, 1-hexadecanol and 1-octadecanol (confirmed by comparison with synthetic samples). Nonadecatriene elicited an antennal response in male autumn gum moth during gas chromatographic analyses combined with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). In electroantennogram (EAG) recording male M. privata antennae responded to the nonadecatriene. Nonadecatriene was synthesised via Kolbe electrolysis, starting with (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (linolenic acid) and propanoic acid or via an alternative four-step method also starting from linolenic acid. In field trials (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene proved attractive to male moths. Thus, we conclude that (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9- nonadecatriene is a sex pheromone component of autumn gum moth. This component has been identified in extracts from other geometrids in the same subfamily, Ennominae. However, to our knowledge this is the first example where (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene has been found in females and also proved attractive to male moths when presented on its own. Our results are discussed in relation to other geometrid pheromones.     

苯基改性的介孔分子筛SBA-15的合成与表征

采用一步法在酸性条件下以聚乙氧基聚丙氧基聚乙氧基三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)直接缩合制备了苯基改性介孔分子筛Ph-SBA-15,并用红外光谱(FTIR)、小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附对样品进行了表征。结果表明,制备的样品不仅保持了高度有序的SBA-15的二维六角结构,而且具有较高的热稳定性,较大的比表面,孔容和孔径。     

Material conversion from paper sludge ash in NaOH solution to synthesize adsorbent for removal of Pb^2＋, NH^4＋ and PO4^3- from aqueous solution

Material conversion from paper sludge ash (PSA) in NaOH solution was attempted to synthesize the adsorbent for removal of inorganic pollutants, such as Pb2+, NH4 + and PO4 3?? from aqueous solution. PSA of 0.5 g was added into 10 mL of 3 mol/L NaOH solution, and then heated at 80, 120, and 160°C for 6–48 hr to obtain the product. PSA mainly composed of two crystalline phases, gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), and amorphous phase. Hydroxysodalite (Na6Al6Si6O24 8H2O) was formed at 80°C, and anorthite dissolved, whereas gehlenite remained una ected. Katoite (Ca3Al2SiO4(OH)8) was formed over 120°C, and hydroxycancrinite (Na8(OH)2Al6Si6O24 2H2O) was formed at 160°C, due to the dissolution of both gehlenite and anorthite. Specific surface areas of the products were almost same and were higher than that of raw ash. Cation exchange capacities (CECs) of the products were also higher than that of raw ash, and CEC obtained at lower temperature was higher. Removal abilities of products for Pb2+, NH4 +, and PO4 3?? were higher than that of raw ash.With increasing reaction temperature, the removal e ciencies of Pb2+ and NH4 + decreased due to the decrease of CEC of the product, while removal e ciency for PO4 3?? was almost same. The concentrations of Si and Al in the solution and the crystalline phases in the solid during the reaction explain the formation of the product phases at each temperature.     

碳纳米管的制备方法及在环保领域中的应用

介绍了碳纳米管的结构和特性,综述了其主要的制备方法,介绍了碳纳米管在环境治理、环境分析和环境保护等领域的应用,这些应用主要基于碳纳米管本身优异的吸附性能和电化学机械性能,最后探讨了目前碳纳米管在制备和环境应用中所存在的问题.     

Chemical and photochemical transformation of fenamiphos—an organophosphorus nematicide

Fenamiphos, an organophosphorus nematicide and its hydrolysis product 4‐methylthio‐m‐cresol under dye‐sensitized photo‐oxidative conditions yielded the corresponding sulfoxide analogs. Under UV‐photolytic conditions, fenamiphos in methanol solution gave mainly the cleavage products. To obtain standards of the oxidative degradation products/metabolites in larger quantities, fenamiphos and fenamiphos phenol was chemically transformed to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone. Their structures were confirmed by ‘HNMR and mass spectra.     

抗生素化学合成生产废水可生化性改善试验研究

采用水解酸化与Fenton试剂分别处理高浓度抗生素化学合成废水的厌氧出水,并采用MBR验证其生化性的改善。试验表明:在废水ρ(COD)平均为4 084 mg/L时,水解酸化COD去除率平均为26.2%,ρ(BOD5)/ρ(COD)从0.23提高到0.31,但无法保证MBR出水ρ(COD)<120 mg/L。Fenton试剂反应条件为:ρ(H2O2)=5 000 mg/L,ρ(Fe2+)=4 000 mg/L,pH=7,反应时间1 h,COD去除率达50%。混合废水经MBR处理后,出水ρ(COD)平均为98.4 mg/L,可稳定达《制药工业水污染物排放标准》。     

Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of 3, 4-annelated coumarin-pyrimido-pyrimidine systems

3,4-Annelated coumarin-pyrimido-pyrimidine systems (7-imino-8-mercapto-7H-5-oxa-7a,9,12-triaza-benzo[a]anthracen-6-one 2 and 8-hydroxy-7-imino-10-methyl-7H-5-oxa-7a,9,12-triaza-benzo[a]anthracen-6-one 3) were synthesized by the action of 4-amino-2-mercapto-pyrimidine, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine, respectively, on 4-chlorocoumarin-3-carbonitrile 1. The synthesized compounds were examined for in vitro antibacterial activity against 4 bacterial cultures: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Aeromonas Salmonicida. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds 2 and 3 was compared to antibacterial activity of novobiocin as a standard drug.     

Green synthesis and characterization of metal ions-mixed titania for application in dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract

The objective of the present study is to synthesize various metal ions mixed TiO₂ nanoparticles using a continuous hydrothermal synthesis pilot reactor for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In the pilot plant, aqueous solutions of the metal salts are mixed with a flow of supercritical water (450?°C and 24.1?MPa) in a confined jet mixer for continuous synthesis of metal ions-mixed nano-titania. Characterization of the particles was made using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique for specific surface area, powder X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy for identification and crystallite size, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface analysis and infrared spectroscopy for distinct group identification. Following the already existing procedures and using the titanates synthesized, dye-sensitized cells of 1?cm² area were assembled and their photovoltaic parameters were evaluated under standard test conditions. The power conversion efficiencies (η %) for 40?mol % Zn²⁺, 5?mol % Zr⁴⁺ and 10?mol % Zn⁴⁺ titania were obtained to be 4.8, 4.95 and 4.9, respectively. The promising efficiency results from a greener and large-scale production of nano-titania is a step forward towards commercializing DSC technology.     

Gas chromatography with atomic absorption detection for the determination of alkyl selenide compounds in the breath of mice after administration of different selenium compounds

Quantitative determination of dimethylselenide and dimethyldiselenide in the breath of mice after addition of different selenium compounds to the drinking water is described. Breath samples are collected with a cryogenic trap and analyzed by gas chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometric detection. Detection limits down to 0.2 ng/100 g body weight are obtained.

The pulmonary excretion of selenium metabolites after oral administration via drinking water or after intraperitoneal injection appears to be negligible. The bioconversion of the different selenium species is discussed.     

合成氯蒸汽发生器泄漏分析

本文针对某化肥厂合成氨装置的蒸汽发生器发生泄漏的原因进行了分析。该设备的材质为SA336F22（相当于国内2．25Cr-1Mo）,属于高温高压临氢设备,出现了垂直于焊缝方向的横向裂纹．经分析这些裂纹主要是氢浓度过高而引起的氢致延迟裂纹,并结合实际的情况提出了合适的返修措施。