有机高分子絮凝剂AUF的研制及其除油效果测定

以尿素、甲醛为原料合成脲醛树脂，加入环氧氯丙烷对树脂进行改性，再加入三乙铵进行季胺化，得到改性脲醛树脂季铵盐絮凝剂AUF。在WEMCO浮选机上考察AUF的除油性能及最佳合成条件。结果表明：AUF投药量为10mg／L时，出水中油浓度达到国家排放标准；当甲醛、尿素、环氧氯丙烷三者的摩尔比为2：1：0.5，季铵化温度为80～110C，反应时间为4～5h时，得到的絮凝剂AUF除油效果最好。     

水煤浆加压气化制合成氨系统的三废排放情况及治理措施

简述了水煤浆加压气化制合成氨系统的特点，着重介绍了该系统制气工段和净化工段的三废排放情况及治理措施，并对仍存在的问题提出了看法。     

SYL-01破乳剂的合成及性能测试

在国内外研究的基础上通过实验以MAA、AA、BuAc、MMAc为原料，采用乳液聚合的方法合成了一种新型的不含烷氧基的水溶性W／O原油破乳剂SYL-01。反应条件与反应物的用量研究表明：反应物最佳配比为AA：MAA：BuAc：MMAC＝0．75：0．25：10：4。对原油乳液的破乳实验说明：SYL－01与目前使用的9901破乳剂性能相当，脱水率较高。SYL－01原料价廉易得，不使用易燃易爆的气体原料，工艺简单，有较好的开发应用前景。     

CM-3絮凝剂的室内研制及在含油污水处理中的应用

介绍复合高分子絮凝剂CM─3的研制。CM─3是以无机高分子聚合铝（PAC）、有机高分子改性聚丙烯酰胺（APAM）为主，添加少量的硫酸根离子及破乳剂复配而成的。经室内实验研究确定了适合的PAM分子量、改性PAM的胺甲基化度、PAM与PAC的比例以及其他组分的添加量，并与PAC比较进行了室内及现场应用试验，结果表明CM─3投药量为20～30mg／L时，炼油厂含油污水处理后的水质符合GB8978─88的标准。     

APPLICATION OF A LOW-FLOW ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR THE MONONGAHELA RIVER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: The application of a low-flow assessment model is illustrated for the Monogahela River Basin. The model simulates the impact of reservoir operating rules and consumptive use limitation policies on low-flow frequency at downstream locations in the basin. Policies are evaluated using an observed flow sequence and synthetic flow inputs. The paper reviews the historical development of flow management on the Monogahela to provide background for the current study.     

VOCs治理技术及合成橡胶装置尾气VOCs治理项目进展

综述了VOCs的来源以及我国VOCs治理的相关政策法规。介绍了冷凝、吸收、吸附-脱附、膜分离、生物法、等离子体法、光催化法、热氧化法等主要的VOCs治理技术各自的特点。概述了中国石化合成橡胶装置尾气VOCs治理项目建设情况。中国石化在“十三五”期间累计投入6亿元,实施合成橡胶装置尾气治理项目14个,到“十三五”末,所有合成橡胶装置的尾气均能实现达标排放。     

Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Fruits

Fruit samples of ber, grapes and guava analysed for pesticide residues employing multiresidue analysis by gas liquid chromatography equipped with ECD and NPD detectors and capillary columns showed contamination with organochlorine, synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. Among organochlorines, HCH, DDT and endosulfan were detected in almost all the samples. Residues of HCH and DDT were maximum in ber followed by grapes and guava where as of endosulfan were maximum in guava followed by grapes and ber. All the fruit samples showed the presence of residues with one or the other group of pesticides. Residues of none of the pesticides exceeded the MRL values in any sample. On the basis of these studies, it is suggested that monitoring studies should be extended to other fruits grown in different agro climatic regions which may serve as basis for future policy in chemical use.     

畜牧业污水中大环内酯和拟除虫菊酯类驱虫剂物质的LCMSMS检测

采用无需衍生化的同相萃取为前处理手段,高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用技术(LCMSMS)为检测手段,在电喷雾电离正离子模式下,对澳大利亚畜牧业污水中常见的大环内酯和拟除虫菊酯两类共7种驱虫剂物质的残留,建立了一次进样下的有效快速分析方法.经一系列优化试验,确定了以50%丙酮+50%乙腈为洗提剂、每次4 mL共8 mL的洗提方法.结果表明,该固相萃取技术(SPE)的加标回收试验结果较好,各化合物的平均回收率为95.50%～108.00%,相对标准差范围为0.73%-8.82%.以含10mmoL/L醋酸铵、0.1%甲酸的超纯水和甲醇混合溶液为流动相,以准分子离子峰[M+NH_4]~+、[M+H]~+作为母离子的定量离子对,所建立的1～500 ng/mL范围内的8点校正曲线中.各物质的相关系数均高于0.998 0,定量限范围为0.03-2.47 ng/mL.实际样品测定时.不同处理流程中各化合物的残留浓度有较好地体现.     

城市工业化灾害及其综合减灾设计对策──兼论北京城市防灾减灾的规划编研思路

文章从城市减灾问题研究的实际出发 ,认为城市灾害系统中对于城市威胁最大的城市工业化灾害至今重视不够 ,甚至缺少必要评估。无论是大中城市发展 ,还是大力倡导的中国小城镇建设 ,城市工业化防灾应引起关注。因此提出不仅应研究城市减灾中的工业化致灾问题 ,还必须关注工业建筑及建设中的防灾规划及布局 ,这是一项极为重要的可持续发展战略。     

The Potential Use of Synthetic Aperture Radar for Estimating Methane Ebullition From Arctic Lakes1

Abstract: Arctic lakes are significant emitters of methane (CH₄), a potent greenhouse gas, to the atmosphere; yet no rigorous quantification of the magnitude and variability of pan‐Arctic lake emissions exists. In this study, we demonstrate the potential for a new method using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery to detect methane bubbles in lake ice to scale up whole‐lake measurements of CH₄ ebullition (bubbling) to regional scales. We estimated ebullition from lakes, which is often the dominant mode of lake emissions, by mapping the distribution of bubble clusters frozen in early winter ice across surfaces of seven tundra lakes and one boreal forest lake in Alaska. Applying previously measured ebullition rates associated with four distinct classes of bubble clusters found in lake ice, we estimated whole‐lake emissions from individual lakes. The percent surface area of lake ice covered with bubbles (R² = 0.68) and CH₄ ebullition rates from lakes (R² = 0.59) and were correlated with radar return values from RADARSAT‐1 Standard Beam mode 3 for the tundra lakes, suggesting that with appropriate scaling and consideration for variability in lake‐ice conditions, this technique has the potential to be used for estimating broader‐scale regional and pan‐Arctic lake methane emissions.