采油厂生产巡检在线信息管理系统

介绍了采油厂生产巡检在线信息管理系统的依托技术、管理网络、硬件构成、软件组成、试验情况和应用效果.该系统依托GPS和GIS等技术,采用了B/S结构、JAVA/JSP技术,能够准确及时显示巡检员的巡检路径,巡检结果从网上数据报表和电子地图及时看到,实现了实时监控,保障了油(水)井安全生产.     

对烟花爆竹监管工作的几点思考

结合河南烟花爆竹企业的特点,贯彻落实国务院《烟花爆竹安全管理条例》,提出理顺体制,落实责任,规范准入标准和行政许可;明确省、市、县三级安监职责;新设立生产企业必须达到一定的规模标准;严格执行“三同时”制度,规范经营许可制度,外供烟花爆竹备案制度等。狠抓专项整治,深入开展安全检查,推行安全标准化活动,使企业达到“工厂设计标准化,生产工艺标准化,安全操作标准化,安全管理标准化”,增强企业防范事故能力。联合执法是安全执法的重要形式,由政府组织安监、公安、工商、环保、电力等部门联合行动,建立联席会议制度,定期互通情况,联合查处案件,对非法生产经营的窝点和地下小作坊等,采取严打、取缔行动,确保烟花爆竹安全生产。     

构建新型危险化学品安全管理体制

随着我国经济的快速发展,危险化学品事故频频发生。现行危险化学品安全管理体制存在漏洞是其主要原因。笔者认为现行危险化学品安全管理体制主要存在5个方面不足:管理体制与市场经济体制不符;行业管理未能实现;中介作用没有发挥;工会维权力量薄弱;公众参与严重不足等。为此,建议建立政府、市场和民众相互协调的危险化学品安全管理体制,即“政府监管、市场调节和社会监督”。其中,政府监管包括政府管理和国家监督,市场调节包括企业责任和中介服务,社会监督包括员工维权和公众参与。     

工业管道压力试验应注意的安全问题

按有关规定,我国压力管道分为长输管道、工业管道和公用管道,工业管道是指工业企业所属的用于运输工艺介质的工艺管道、公用工程管道和其他辅助管道,即工业企业内运行的压力管道均为工业管道.主要介绍了我国工业企业内工业管道相关运行维护管理与检验现状,重点强调工业管道运行中安全性能,及对工业安全性能确定所进行的压力试验的相关要求,为企业内部如何防止工业管道事故发生,实现安全生产提供有益的探索.     

石化装置长周期安全运行风险分析和对策

随着国际竞争的激烈,石化生产装置的长周期运行成为我国石化企业的降本增效的主要手段。如何保证本质安全成为长周期运行的难题。本文以延迟焦化装置为例,主要从工艺原理、工艺原则流程和物料性质等方面进行了系统的风险分析,对设备利用英国TISCHUK公司的T-OCA软件进行RBI(Risk-based Inspection,即RBI)评估,确定了装置长周期运行存在的薄弱环节,并提出了控制措施。实践证明,该套方法对我国石化生产装置的长周期安全运行提供了科学的技术支持。     

Einsatz eines Sensors zurOnline-Bestimmung der mikrobiellen Aktivit?t

Zusammenfassung  Mit einem Bioaktivit?tssensor kann die Aktivit?t der Mikroorganismen im Belebtschlamm gemessen werden. Das Signal des Sensors reagiert empfindlich auf eine Ver?nderung des Substratangebots und das Auftreten von toxischen Stoffen. Mit dem Bioaktivit?tssensor ist es damit einerseits m?glich,online die Belebungsstufe hinsichtlich ihrer mikrobiellen Aktivit?t zu kontrollieren und andererseits die zuflie?enden Abw?sser bezüglich ihres toxischen Potentials zu überwachen.      

Hunger-dependent predator inspection and foraging behaviours in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) under predation risk

Individual fish commonly leave the relative safety of the shoal to approach potential predators at a distance. Not all members of a shoal are equally likely to initiate such predator inspection visits. Here, we show for the first time that the current hunger state of individual fish strongly influences their predator inspection behaviour, as well as their foraging rate, in the face of predation hazard. When all members of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) test shoals were in a similar hunger state, they were equally likely to inspect a trout predator model alone and did not differ in the frequency of their inspection visits or foraging rate. However, when individual sticklebacks in a shoal differed in their hunger state, the food-deprived (i.e. hungrier) member of the shoal fed at a higher rate, was significantly more likely to initiate solitary predator inspection visits, and inspected the predator model significantly more often than its less hungry (i.e. well-fed) shoal mates. Individual fish which inspected the predator model more frequently also tended to have higher feeding rates. The results indicate that the hungrier fish in a shoal are more willing to take greater risks to inspect a potential threat at a distance, compared with their well-fed shoal mates, and suggest that they may gain a foraging benefit in doing so. If marked asymmetries in hunger state exist among members of fish shoals, then mutual cooperation during predator inspection visits may be difficult to achieve because well-fed individuals are not as likely to initiate or participate in inspection visits as are hungry individuals.Correspondence to: J.-G.J. Godin     

Cost–benefit analysis approach for the management of industrial safety in chemical and petrochemical industry

The high complexity of chemical and petrochemical installations determines a complex safety management of these establishments, therefore, there is a need to find innovative solutions to guarantee the prevention of failures and losses of containment from process equipment. In this frame, the use of the API Risk Based Inspection (RBI) assessment approach permits a significant reduction of maintenance costs and, simultaneously, the increase of plant's reliability and availability. To increase the level of industrial safety, a proper selection of measures is also needed, even if the adoption of such measures poses costs. Given that resources for the companies are usually limited, a comparison amongst various solutions has to be done with the aim to find the best one, based on a comparison of costs and benefit. To this scope, recently a software, named Inspection Manager, has been developed by ANTEA and implemented thanks to a cooperation with the University of Padova (Italy). The Inspection Manager provides support in the application of the RBI approach by means of the use of plant-specific data, which are stored in its database; its further implementation, presented in this paper, has made it able to support also cost-benefit analysis and, thus, the selection of measures to be adopted to prevent accidental events causing the release of hazardous materials. A case-study is presented to test the new functionality of the tool; after the identification of the most effective measures, a careful cost-benefit assessment has been executed as a basis for decision-making.     

浅谈防爆起重机安全检验中常见问题

防爆起重机是起重机械里较为特殊且安全要求更高的特种设备,本文对防爆起重机结构特点、基本防爆原理及PLC防爆技术进行了研究,并针对在防爆起重机检验中发现的问题结合检验防爆起重机的经验,对其中出现的一些常见问题进行分析,提出整改建议,为保障防爆起重机安全使用提供参考。     

不同疏密度条件下纸堆燃烧特性研究

利用热释放速率测量平台,开展了纸堆燃烧特性的实验研究。其中纸堆体积为0.45m×0.45m×0.2m~0.45m×0.45m×0.6m,质量为0.3kg~2.7kg,疏密度为7.4kg/m3~22.2kg/m3。结果表明,当纸堆的密度变大时,纸堆的有效燃烧热值下降,未燃尽部分增多。在t平方增长火模型中,纸堆也不再总是适用于快速增长火,当纸堆疏密度变大,其火灾强度系数α减小,并拟合了疏密度与火灾强度系数的经验公式。