安全检查基本原则初探

根据多年的安全管理经验,提出了开展好安全检查应遵循的７项基本原则,并用科学的观点进行了详细的论述     

Heavy metal concentration in the moss Pleurozium schreberi in the Niepołomice Forest,Poland: changes during 20 years

The Niepoomice Forest is a large forestcomplex (110 km²) situated in southern Poland 10 to 30 kmto the east of the urban industrial Kraków agglomeration andsteelworks, which was built up on the outskirts of the city in1950. Due to prevailing westerly winds, the forest is affectedby pollutants emitted by both the steelworks and the city. Thelevel of heavy metal contamination in the Niepoomice Forestwas described using a sensitive bioindicator – the moss Pleurozium schreberi. Mean concentrations of metals in mosscollected in the Niepoomice Forest were Cd – 0.71, Cr – 2.4,Cu – 8.6, Fe – 673, Pb – 12.7, and Zn – 61 mg/kg.Concentrations of heavy metals in moss in the NiepoomiceForest decreased in time. As compared with the relatively cleanarea in north-eastern Poland (Puszcza Biaowieska), the concentration of Fe was 2–9 fold and Pb 4–6 fold higher in theNiepoomice Forest in 1975, while in 1998 4 fold and 2 fold,respectively. In both 1975 and 1998 the most polluted by heavymetals was the western part of the Niepoomice Forest (closestto the pollution sources) and the area along the roads insidethe forest complex.     

Degradation of poly(β-hydroxyalkanoates) and polyolefin blends in a municipal wastewater treatment facility

Six types of plastics and plastic blends, the latter composed at least partially of biodegradable material, were exposed to aerobically treated wastewater (activated sludge) to ascertain their biodegradability. In one study, duplicate samples of 6% starch in polypropylene, 12% starch in linear low-density polyethylene, 30% polycaprolactone in linear low-density polyethylene, and poly(-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHB/V), a microbially produced polyester, were exposed to activated sludge for 5 months, and changes in mass, molecular weight average, and tensile properties were measured. None of the blended material showed any sign of degradation. PHB/V, however, showed a considerable loss of mass and a significant loss of tensile strength. In a second study, PHB/V degraded rapidly, but another type of microbial polymer which forms a thermoplastic elastomer, poly(-hydroxyoctanoate), did not degrade. These results illustrate the potential for disposal and degradation of PHB/V in municipal wastewater.     

基于大数据的特种设备宏观安全风险预警方法研究

特种设备监管机构在监督检验过程中积累了大量数据资料,为充分挖掘其中的潜在价值,增强监管针对性,提高检验效率,应用并优化关联规则挖掘、社区发现、可视化等数据挖掘技术,构建1种宏观安全风险预警方法。该方法以特种设备安全监督检验大数据为基础,通过挖掘单台设备微观因素间的关联关系,实现整类特种设备宏观安全风险的识别与预警;以2008—2016年全国长管拖车检验数据为例,进行应用实践分析。研究结果表明:该方法可以对区域范围、缺陷类别等多种宏观指标进行预警,指导针对性监管与检验。     

洛阳市地下水资源与节水管理信息系统的建设

论述节水管理信息系统的计算机机体系结构,功能设置,实验及发展,系统共有供水管理,用水管理,节水管理,信息管理,报表管理,人事管理,收费管理和办公文档管理８个子系统,具有先进实用,处理功能强,图形完善,操作简易,易于扩展等特点。     

碎裂岩质边坡动态监测系统设计

针对碎裂岩质边坡施工期的特点,对碎裂岩质边坡动态监测的设计步骤、监测方法进行了探讨,以西攀高速公路某段高边坡动态监测为例,具体介绍了监测方案,实施方法与监测成果.该设计综合考虑了边坡施工过程中多种因素的相互影响,并通过边坡稳定性的初步分析优化监测设计,使监测设计全面且具有针对性,较好地满足了动态监测要求.     

关于电器产品电气安全性能在线检测及远程监管系统的研究

为解决出口电器产品电气安全问题,政府部门检验职能逐步转向对整个生产环节进行监管。通过在线检测及远程监管系统的建立,对企业综合信息、产品质量信息、外贸申报信息、政府监管信息等产业链信息进行管理和验证,实现了抽批检验、验证检验、过程检验、型式试验、质量体系监督管理、质量事故追溯等,对产品信息源的真实性、准确性实施有效监控,突破了政府部门传统检验监管发展的瓶颈,在保证监管有效性的同时降低了成本提高了效率。     

大型电站锅炉的特点及检验重点

通过分析大型电站锅炉的结构特点说明该类锅炉检验的重点。对于大型电站锅炉的结构特点不同于其他锅炉的结构特征进行介绍。目前，大型电站锅炉多数是煤粉炉，这种形式的锅炉主要是结构复杂，但是锅炉效率高，所以应用范围广泛。     

基于风险的检验技术在苯加氢装置管道的应用

简述基于风险的压力管道检验技术基本理念,讨论压力管道的危害风险和失效模式,介绍了风险评估方法及其适用场合、风险评估程序。对某苯加氢装置的管道系统进行风险检验评价,对该管道的各种危险因素进行分析,并对其基础数据和检验检测结果进行了研究和探讨,近而采用5×5风险矩阵法和定性分析,对苯加氢装置管道系统进行风险评估,根据该评估结论,提出了科学制定检修计划的建议和控制风险措施。研究结果表明:基于风险的检验技术,既能节约大量的停机和检验维修费用,又能有效地提高重点设备的安全性和管理水平。     

基于企业职业伤害风险和违法处罚的分级监察模型研究

对企业实施分级监察的基础是企业监察级别的确定。分级监察是以“风险优先”为基本的原则风险管理思想。本文在对我国现有的安全生产法规政策和安监部门的部分执法文书以及企业违法处罚情况进行分析总结的基础上,建立了企业违法处罚情况的量化模型,并以企业职业伤害风险和企业违法处罚结果为影响因素,建立了二元分级监察模型。运用所建立的模型对辽宁省某市的159家调研企业的监察级别进行了划分,并对分级结果进行了简要分析。