Effect of a seasonal di use pollution migration on natural organic matter behavior in a stratified dam reservoir

This article aims to describe the influence of di use pollution on the temporal and spatial characteristics of natural organic matter (NOM) in a stratified dam reservoir, the Daecheong Dam, on the basis of intensive observation results and the dynamic water quality simulation using CE-QUAL-W2. Turbidity is regarded as a comprehensive representation of allochothonous organic matter from di use sources in storm season because the turbidity concentration showed reasonable significance in a statistical correlation with the UV absorbance at 254 nm and total phosphorus. CE-QUAL-W2 simulation results showed good consistency with the observed data in terms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) including refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) and labile DOC and also well explained the internal movement of constituents and stratification phenomenon in the reservoir. Instead turbidity and NOM were related well in the upper region of the reservoir according to flow distance, gradually as changing to dissolved form of organic matter, RDOM a ected organic matter concentration of reservoir water quality compared to turbidity. To control the increase of soluble organic matters in the dam reservoir, appropriate dam water discharge gate operation provided e ective measurement. Because of the gate operation let avoid the accumulation of organic matter within a dam reservoir by shorten of turbid regime retention time.     

我国溃坝生命损失评价模型初步研究

根据我国8座已溃决大坝的现场调查结果,结合国内外溃坝生命损失研究成果,初步研究并提出适合我国实际情况的溃坝生命损失评价模型和风险人口死亡率,应用该模型和Graham法估算了这8座水库的溃坝生命损失,与实际生命损失情况进行了比较.结果表明,模型具有一定的适用性.     

忠武输气管道榔坪河谷拦砂坝的优化设计

本文通过对忠武输气管道榔坪河谷山洪灾害特征及已建拦砂坝损毁原因的分析,对拦砂坝进行了合理的优化设计及稳定性分析,该研究可为拦砂坝的设计及类似灾害防治提供理论依据。     

The Impact of Dynamic Environmental Flow Releases on Hydropower Production in the Zambezi River Basin

Incorporation of environmental flow releases from reservoirs has proven to be challenging due to fear of losses to existing water uses. Moreover environmental flow requirements (EFR) have not often been operationalized. This study compares the possibility of implementing dynamic EFR based on natural flows lagged against an upstream unregulated gauging point with static EFR. It simulates different scenarios with a high flow release in the wet season and analyses its impacts on hydropower production. This method accounts fully for the natural variability of environmental flows, implying less pressure on existing water uses during relatively dry years. Joint operation of two cascading dams vs. individual operation for EFR was also explored. These approaches were tested for the Zambezi River basin in Southern Africa using a water resources model, WAFLEX. Historic data on reservoir water levels, releases and power generation of the hydropower schemes were synthesized. Combining these yielded a validated series of monthly flow data for a 28 year period (1982‐2010). The results show that Kariba and Cahora Bassa reservoirs face a reduction in power produced when they would annually release an environmental flow. However, the dynamic EFR method entails smaller hydropower losses. Joint environmental flow operations will reduce overall basin power production more than if Cahora Bassa alone would release an environmental flow. However, such joint operation would be more beneficial to the ecosystem.     

铜尾矿坝及其周边土壤真菌群落结构与功能多样性

土壤真菌群落会因环境条件的变化而重新构建.为了探究山西省垣曲县十八河尾矿坝及其周边土壤中真菌群落的结构与功能多样性,本研究探讨了坝体草地、15 a杨树林、农田、10 a杨树林这4种土地利用方式下土壤真菌群落的结构组成和碳源利用功能多样性.结果表明,研究区15 a杨树林地中真菌群落丰度和多样性最高,坝体草地中最低;子囊菌门（Ascomycota）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota）是研究区的优势真菌类群,其中,子囊菌门（Ascomycota）在所有样地中均有最大分布,其在坝体草地中的分布达到92.92%;15 a杨树林地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性最高,坝体草地中真菌群落碳源利用多样性显著高于农田和10 a杨树林地,坝体草地土壤真菌群落对糖苷类碳源的利用效率显著高于其余3种土地利用类型.相关分析表明,土壤真菌群落丰度与土壤总氮显著相关（P<0.05）,而与土壤重金属含量不相关.土壤真菌群落多样性指数与重金属Cd、As之间具有显著相关性,与其他重金属无显著相关性.本研究结果表明长期受重金属污染胁迫下,土壤中真菌群落更多受土壤肥力和土地利用方式影响,而与土壤重金属浓度不呈线性关系.本研究结果对土壤真菌群落在重金属污染区土壤修复中的应用具有重要意义.     

中线式尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝演化规律模拟研究

为了解中线式尾矿库洪水漫顶溃坝的过程和机理,并提出可行的工程措施,以某中线式尾矿库及下游周边环境为研究对象,采用物理模型试验和数值模拟法对中线式与上游式尾矿库安全性进行对比研究。研究结果表明：由于中线式尾矿库外坝坡堆积粗尾砂的渗透系数偏大,其较上游式尾矿库溃口发展的速率更快,溃坝过程持续时间约14.5 h,坝顶被泄流冲刷形成的溃口宽约289 m,尾矿库下游沟道研究范围内尾矿淤积约871万m³,大量的尾矿仍滞留在库内;采用数值模拟得出的演化趋势与物理模型试验基本一致,但数值模拟计算的尾砂流动速度较快;在拦砂坝下游修建应急拦砂坝工程,物理模型试验表明拦滞尾矿洪水时间约38 min,数值模拟结果表明拦滞尾矿洪水时间约16 min,因此应急拦砂坝措施可有效延长应急逃生时间,减轻溃坝对下游居民的影响。