Accumulation of heavy metals in four grasses grown on lead and zinc mine tailings

A field experiment was conducted to compare the growth and metal accumulation of Vetiveria zizanioides, Paspalum notatum, Cynodon dactylon and Imperata cylindraca var. major on the tailings, amended with 10 cm domestic refuse complex NPK fertilizer(Treatment A), 10 cm domestic refuse(Treatment B) and complex NPK fertilizer(Treatment C) respectively, and without any amendment used as control (Treatment D). The results indicated that V. zizanioides was a typical heavy metal excluder, because the concentrations in shoots of the plants were the lowest among the four plants tested. The most of metal accumulated in V. zizanioides distributed in its root, and transportation of metal in this plant from root to shoot was restricted. Therefore, V. zizanioides was more suitable for phytostabilization of toxic mined lands than P. notatum and C. dactylon, which accumulated a relatively high level of metals in their shoots and roots. It was also found that I. cylindraca var. major accumulated lower amounts of Pb, Zn and Cu than C. dactylon and P. notatum, and could also be considered for phytostaliUsaton of tailings. Although the metal(Pb, Zn and Cu) concentrations in shoots and roots of V. zizanioides were the lowest, the total amounts of heavy metals accumulated in shoots of V. zizanioides were the highest among the four tested plants due to the highest dry weight yield of it. The results indicated that V. zizanioides was the best choice among the four species used for phytoremediation (for both phytostabilization and phytoextraction) of metal contaminated soils.     

Nuclear magnetic resonance logging: Example applications of an emerging tool for environmental investigations

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) geophysical tools have been widely used in the petroleum exploration industry since the 1960s and have improved significantly in the last two decades. These tools can provide estimates of bulk porosity and fluid content, quantification of bound versus mobile fluids, and estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K). Although the size and cost of oil‐field tools historically limited their use for near‐surface applications, smaller and more economical downhole NMR logging tools are now available for detecting and characterizing the formation water content and K to support environmental and groundwater resource investigations. These tools can be deployed using direct‐push drilling techniques or they can be lowered into existing open borings or wells with nonconductive polyvinyl chloride casings and screens. In many cases, using the tool in existing wells offers a safer and more cost‐effective alternative compared to drilling new boreholes. For environmental investigations, NMR can provide useful high‐resolution quantitative hydrostratigraphic information that can provide additional valuable data to further inform and refine the conceptual site model. This paper highlights several NMR field investigations that demonstrate the viability of this technology as a site characterization tool for near‐surface investigations. NMR measurements were compared to data from lithologic logs, cone penetrometer testing data, and prior field hydraulic tests. Use of NMR to detect vadose zone water, including previously unidentified perched groundwater zones, provided hydrostratigraphic details that could not be gleaned from historical well drilling logs and were used to evaluate drainable pore water versus pore water bound in small pores by capillary forces or electrochemically clay‐bond water. NMR also produced K estimates similar to those from conventional hydraulic tests, but the improved vertical resolution from NMR provided additional information regarding the vertical heterogeneity of the formation along the entire length of the well or borehole. Additionally, bench‐scale tests are presented that confirm the capability for NMR to reliably detect and quantify light nonaqueous phase liquid saturation (specifically diesel fuel and weathered gasoline) in situ. The field tests combined with bench‐scale testing results affirm the applicability and potential for NMR as a practical characterization tool that should increasingly be utilized in environmental investigations.     

国内外尾矿管理制度比较研究和展望

2020年,《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境防治法》修订完成,对固体废物的污染防治提出了新的要求。尾矿作为一般工业固体废物中产生量和贮存量最大的种类,存在突出的生态环境问题,已成为当前固体废物管理领域不可忽视的治理短板。通过梳理近年来尾矿产生和处置现状以及尾矿环境风险的特点,对比了国内外尾矿管理制度,并针对完善环境管理法规体系,落实尾矿减量化、资源化以及管控尾矿环境风险提出了对策建议。     

锰尾矿资源循环利用分析与环境评价

通过分析我国锰资源分布及锰矿产业发展现状,预测未来10年我国锰尾矿排放量.通过分析评价重庆市秀山、城口锰尾矿对区域生态环境的影响,提出锰尾矿循环利用途径及可产生的效益,归纳出锰资源可持续发展的三点建议.     

基于集对可拓耦合算法的尾矿库安全综合评价

针对尾矿库安全综合评价中“定性定量评价尾矿库安全等级”和“客观描述尾矿库安全状态变化趋势”的要求,采用集对分析方法和可拓理论,利用可拓距计算原理,建立尾矿库集对可拓耦合安全评价模型和尾矿库集对势的计算方法。利用RSCIE权重计算方法确定尾矿库评价指标的权重,将基于集对可拓耦合算法的尾矿库安全评价模型用于尾矿库各安全等级集对可拓联系度的分析中,并基于最大隶属度原则确定案例中的尾矿库为正常库,其集对可拓联系度为0.040 6,安全状态的集对势为9.26。结果表明:该尾矿库的安全等级为正常库,且其安全状态发展趋势为弱同势,说明尾矿库的安全状况发展趋势为正常库的态势不强,且向不安全状态转变的可能非常大,应该加强该尾矿库的日常安全管理。这与实际情况相符合,有效验证了该评价模型的可行性和实用性。     

尾矿坝的失事

尾矿坝失事不仅使尾矿流失,严重时还会破坏下游地区的生态环境,造成巨大的生命财产损失.首先介绍分析了尾矿坝失事与坝型的关系以及溃坝原因和几率的关系.列举了许多国内外重大的溃坝事故和溃坝所造成的损失,分析了溃坝原因.通过国内外的实例说明,希望引起大家对尾矿坝安全工作的重视.     

关于加强非煤矿山安全监管工作的研究与思考(一)

用大量详实的统计数据全面介绍了我国非煤矿山安全生产的现状,在此基础上,从政府监管、企业管理、社会中介服务3个层面系统分析了我国非煤矿山安全生产工作中存在的问题,并针对这些问题提出了对策措施.     

铁镁质尾矿中的钙镁浸取效果优化

铁镁质尾矿含有丰富的钙镁,利用浸取剂可以促进铁镁质尾矿中钙镁的释放,使这些尾矿成为固定CO2的材料。尾矿中钙镁的浸出率大小跟多个因素相关,如何寻求浸取钙镁的最优化条件,是有效利用铁镁质尾矿的重要内容。考虑环境友好的方案,采用EDTA、柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠浸取尾矿中的钙镁,并对比了不同条件下的浸取效果。通过比较,显示柠檬酸钠的浸取效果较好,在此基础上利用响应面法对粒度、pH值、固液比等主要影响因子进行优化处理。当反应液的pH=1,尾矿粒度<75μm,固液比为2.6∶100时,模型预测实验尾矿淋滤的Mg2+浓度为143.4 mg/L,Mg达到最佳溶出率2.03%。实验模型的预测精度良好,表明响应面法适用于尾矿的浸取实验优化。     

不同下游河道坡降尾矿库溃坝模型试验及下游影响研究

溃坝尾砂流是含有尾砂和土石的暂时性流体,具有演进时间短、破坏性大等特点,对库区下游人民生命财产造成巨大损失。以四川某尾矿库为研究对象,建立室内溃坝模型,研究3种下游河道坡降情况下尾砂流的演进和沉积规律,并引入FLO-2D与室内溃坝模型试验进行参照。研究结果表明:室内模型试验结果与数值模拟结果相似;地势改变对于溃坝尾砂流的演进有着较大影响,沟谷、转弯和地势平缓的区域有利于尾砂的堆积和沉积;尾砂流对下游的冲击力与最大移动速度的平方和流深呈正比例关系,3种工况最大冲击力位置都与最大移动速度或最大流深相邻;根据试验和模拟结果绘制尾砂流致灾影响程度图,可为生产企业新建、扩建尾矿库提供重要的依据,保证下游人员生命、财产安全。     

高碱度钢渣添加铁尾矿消解f-CaO的机理研究

高碱度钢渣掺唐山石人沟铁尾矿重构,两者在高温环境下熔融反应消解高碱度钢渣中f-CaO。采用正交实验法设计实验方案,考察了铁尾矿掺入量(分别为3%、5%和9%)、反应温度(分别为1 500℃,1 550℃和1 580℃)及恒温反应时间(分别为10 min、20 min和30 min)对消解高碱度钢渣中f-CaO的效果。实验结果表明,铁尾矿能有效消解钢渣中f-CaO,重构渣中f-CaO含量平均值为1.17%,消解率为76.27%。且由正交方法测出了铁尾矿掺入量对f-CaO的消解影响较大,极差值为0.41%;反应温度次之,极差值为0.32%;恒温反应时间影响较小,极差值为0.06%。利用X射线衍射方法测定重构渣中矿物组成,主要为磁铁矿、钙镁橄榄石、硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙、镁铁尖晶石、铁酸钙及铁铝酸钙。