我国制革工业废水处理技术评述

本文分析总结了我国制革废水的现状的新的处理工艺，并提出了一些建议。     

Valorization of titanium metal wastes as tanning agent used in leather industry

The development of new tanning agents and new technologies in the leather sector is required to cope with the increasingly higher environmental pressure on the current tanning materials and processes such as tanning with chromium salts. In this paper, the use of titanium wastes (cuttings) resulting from the process of obtaining highly pure titanium (ingots), for the synthesis of new tanning agent and tanning bovine hides with new tanning agent, as alternative to tanning with chromium salts are investigated. For this purpose, Ti waste and Ti-based tanning agent were characterized for metal content by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and chemical analysis; the tanned leather (wet white leather) was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive Using X-ray (Analysis). SEM/EDX analysis for metal content; Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), Micro-Hot-Table and standard shrinkage temperature showing a hydrothermal stability (ranged from 75.3 to 77 °C) and chemical analysis showing the leather is tanned and can be processed through the subsequent mechanical operations (splitting, shaving). On the other hand, an analysis of major minor trace substances from Ti-end waste (especially vanadium content) in new tanning agent and wet white leather (not detected) and residue stream was performed and showed that leachability of vanadium is acceptable. The results obtained show that new tanning agent obtained from Ti end waste can be used for tanning bovine hides, as eco-friendly alternative for chrome tanning.     

加碱混凝沉淀法去除蓝皮制革废水中Cr^3＋及COD的研究

取自扬州某外资皮革厂的蓝皮制革废水含有大量的Cr^3＋和COD。通过对该废水加各种碱剂调节其pH值至8．3～8．5，均可将Cr^3＋去除90％以上，且对COD也有一定的去除效果。再对该废水加碱的同时试采用几种混凝剂进行混凝，Cr^3＋和COD的去除率都得到提高。研究表明：通过加碱混凝能取得更好的去除效果，PAC／PAM是最佳混凝剂，最佳投药量为0．4g／L，Cr^3＋可降到国家标准以下。     

Chromium recovery from solid leather waste by chemical treatment and optimisation by response surface methodology

The leather industry uses conventional tanning methods which cause environmental pollution due mainly to the presence of chromium. This study suggests a treatment for solid leather waste containing chromium as an ecological alternative to the pollution generated by tanneries. The study uses an original approach to the optimisation of chromium recovery by mathematical and statistical treatment of the experimental data. Several factors that influence recovery, such as temperature, concentration, time and solid/liquid ratio through acid and basic hydrolysis were analysed with the aid of experimental design. Tanning liquor was obtained by adjusting pH, alkalinity and concentration when hydrolysis finished. An appropriate response surface model was constructed using alkaline hydrolysis experiments with sodium hydroxide, leading to conditions for maximum recovery of Cr₂O₃. The optimal NaOH concentration (1.58%), temperature (63.7 °C), time (3 h) and solid/liquid ratio (1/70 g·mL^?1) were established. The results indicate that sodium hydroxide as an hydrolysis agent is a highly efficient means of recovering chromium from solid leather waste in order to produce tanning liquor.     

Reclamation treatment of the chrome leather scrap

A novel method to extract protein and Cr(III) from the chrome leather scrap discarded by leather industry is described.Chrome leather scarp was hydrolyzed under basic condition to remove chromium compound and extract protein. The extracted protein was mixed with substrate and used as feed protein after being dried and ground. The basic residue was treated with sulfuric acid to obtain chrome(III) sulfate which can be used as tanning agent again after adjusting pH with base. The acidic residue was processed and used as flower fertilizer. The safety of the protein powder produced has been by toxicology and nutriology test. This reclamation method has been industrialized.     

制革厂采用铬鞣废液直接循环利用技术

采用高 分子聚脂 Ｐ Ｎ Ｓ 药剂，有效 地去除 了革鞣废 液中的杂 质，使之 能够循 环使用，即 节约了化工原 料，又减 少了废铬 液对综 合污水处 理的负 担，避免了 含铬污 泥对环境 造成的二 次污染     

Reclamation treatment of the chrome leather scrap

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制革废水污染防治措施及其有效性分析

制革废水含有高浓度有机物和大量有毒有害物质，单一的物化或生化处理技术都难以实现达标排放。本文着重介绍了制革的生产工艺、废水组成与清洁生产措施，并总结了其废水治理技术的现状与国内成功应用的实例。     

厌氧微生物组建技术在重革废水深度处理中的实践

利用厌氧微生物组建技术对重革废水处理工艺进行了工程改造试验.探讨了组建厌氧与好氧微生物的比例、进水水质、进水浓度等因素对改造后系统脱氮、去除COD等效果的影响规律.结果发现,在好氧与厌氧微生物质量比为2∶1,进水水质C/N大于4.0时,组建厌氧微生物的新系统对氨氮和COD的去除率分别达到97.2%和92.1%以上,对氨氮和总氮的平均去除率分别提高了70.6%和46.4%,并且新系统的抗冲击性能大大增强,出水水质稳定并达到了综合废水一级排放标准.对机理进行了初步探讨.     

制革污泥生物淋滤液组份特征及对鞣革质量的影响

利用ICP-AES、FT-IR及凝胶色谱等测定方法对制革污泥生物淋滤液的成分进行了系统分析,并采用鞣制试验对淋滤液在浸酸、铬鞣中的应用进行了尝试.研究结果表明,制革污泥生物淋滤液含有较高浓度的Cr3 、Fe3 、Ca2 、Na 、Mg2 、K 离子及其它一些微量金属,对鞣革质量产生明显影响的主要是Fe3 离子;鞣革质量的降低主要表现在无鞣性金属离子在蓝皮中的富集,从而影响蓝皮的吸铬量;鞣制处理中仅仅通过pH调整难以达到不同金属间的分离.淋滤液中可溶性有机物的TOC浓度一般低于1000 mg·L-1,主要是多糖类、脂肪族或芳香族羧酸类化合物;废水和淋滤液中DOM的平均分子量主要分布在1923和147两个范围,其质量分数分别占74.1%和25.7%;可溶性有机物一般对鞣革的收缩温度Ts和铬含量不产生明显影响,但可导致鞣后皮色加深.