有害固体废物热解焦油特性研究

通过对几种有害固体废物(皮橡胶，废电路板，医疗废物，废油漆，污泥)的热解实验，考察了不同工况下有害固体废弃物热解焦油的特性。研究了不同工况下焦油产率的影响因素。物料特性、热解终温及加热方式，对有害固体废物热解焦油的产率有着重要的影响。在实验温度范围内，不同工况条件下，对热解焦油密度和热值进行了测定，热解焦油密度在0．75—0．95g／m1范围内，焦油热值在6．306—9．112kal／g之间，高于原始物料的热值。对不同工况下的热解焦油进行了族分分析，焦油中一般饱和烃和极性物的含量较高。     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

煤焦油加工废气治理方法简述

煤焦油加工项目属于重污染行业,产生的废气大部分有致癌作用,必须做好配套的环保设施和安全设施,本文介绍了煤焦油加工过程中废气产生及防治对策,减少环境污染。     

Tar Balls: The End State

Tar balls are frequently reported as an indicator of the extent of the impact of a spill incident. The determination of the density of tar balls is basic to the shoreline cleanup assessment team (SCAT) process, and is frequently used by the media as an indication of oil pollution. The processes involved in the evolution of tar balls are not well understood and there is a paucity of literature on the science of tar ball formation.     

适宜燃气生产的逆流清洁装置设计与试验

为了减少生物质热解燃气中焦油含量,设计了一种适宜燃气生产过程净化脱焦的逆流清洁装置。该清洁装置与气化机组进行选型匹配和参数优化,确定喷嘴口径和水压后再进行性能测试试验。试验表明:该清洁装置能较好的去除生物质热解燃气中的焦油和灰尘,除焦效率大于70%;在入口焦油和灰尘平均含量为539.92 mg/m3时,采用清洁管52的平均除焦效率为80%;在其他条件相同的情况下,燃气清洁管采用管径较小的52管比62管的除焦效率高。该研究为生物质热解燃气的净化提供了一种新的手段和技术参考。     

Ni/钙铝石催化剂对焦油模拟物甲苯的催化研究

以高温烧结法制备的钙铝石为载体,利用溶液浸渍法制备出Ni/钙铝石催化剂。以甲苯为生物质焦油模拟物,在N2气氛下研究Ni/钙铝石催化剂对甲苯催化裂解的性能。采用XRD、SEM、BET等分析手段对催化剂进行表征,然后在实验室自制固定床反应装置中考察了反应温度、镍负载量对催化产气成分、产氢量及甲苯转化率的影响。结果表明:随着反应温度的增加,甲苯转化率升高,产气量增加;较高温度下,增加镍负载量有利于提高产氢量。     

萃取浓缩-薄涂柱气相色谱法测定煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲

用苯萃取浓缩煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲，然后用薄涂柱气相色谱法进行测定。试验表明：该法具有色谱柱温低、快速、准确等特点。     

Transport of creosote compounds in a large, intact, macroporous clayey till column

The transport in macroporous clayey till of bromide and 25 organic compounds typical of creosote was studied using a large intact soil column. The organic compounds represented the following groups: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolic compounds, monoaromatic hydrocarbons (BTEXs), and heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur in the aromatic ring structure (NSO-compounds). The clayey till column (0.5 m in height and 0.5 m in diameter) was obtained from a depth of 1–1.5 m at an experimental site located on the island of Funen, Denmark. Sodium azide was added to the influent water of the column to prevent biodegradation of the studied organic compounds. For the first 24 days of the experiment, the flow rate was 219 ml day⁻¹ corresponding to an infiltration rate of 0.0011 m day⁻¹. At this flow rate, the effluent concentrations of bromide and the organic compounds increased very slowly. The transport of bromide and the organic compounds were successfully increased by increasing the flow rate to 1353 ml day⁻¹ corresponding to 0.0069 m day⁻¹. The experiment showed that the transport of low-molecular-weight organic compounds was not retarded relative to bromide. The high-molecular-weight organic compounds were retarded significantly. The influence of sorption on the transport of the organic compounds through the column was evaluated based on the observed breakthrough curves. The observed order in the column experiment was, with increasing retardation, the following: benzene=pyrrole=toluene=o-xylene=p-xylene=ethylbenzene=phenol=benzothiophene=benzofuran<naphthalene<1-methylpyrrole<1-methylnaphthalene=indole=o-cresol=quinoline<3,5-dimethylphenol=2,4-dimethylphenol<acridine<carbazole<2-methylquinoline<fluorene<dibenzofuran<phenanthrene=dibenzothiophene. This order could not be predicted from regularly characteristics as octanol/water-distribution coefficients of the organic compounds but only from experimentally determined data. The results indicate that a thin clayey till cover of the type described in this paper does not protect groundwater against contamination by low-molecular-weight organic compounds.     

新型脱稳剂在煤气洗涤水中的应用研究

通过采用新型L型脱稳剂,研究和探讨了脱稳剂的用量,循环水的温度及pH值的变化对处理效果的影响,并进一步考察了反应后废水的静沉和离心分离情况。试验情况表明：使用L型脱稳剂能有效地去除煤气洗涤循环水中的焦油和悬浮物,其焦油去除率可达98％以上。     

电捕焦油器的故障树分析

建立了以电捕焦油器火灾爆炸为顶上事件的故障树,分析了引发该事件的主要原因,并提出了相应的防范措施和改进措施。