鲁奇低温煤焦油的致突变性及致突变性组分的鉴定

煤焦油样品经提取分离为酸性、碱性和中性组分,后两组分再经硅胶柱制备色谱分作B_1—B_33个级分和N_1—N_66个级分.Ames试验表明,B_2级分致突变活性最高.该级分经HPLC进一步分级表明,其中d、f级分具较高的致突变性经HRGC、HRGC-MS分析,分别从d级分鉴定出苯并喹啉等60多种氮杂多环芳烃,f级分鉴定出氮杂苯并芴等40多种氮杂多环芳烃.     

己二腈焦油的综合利用研究

本文通过分析己二腈焦油的组成，探讨了其综合利用的途径。提出用碱解法回收生产己二酸的工艺路线，系统研究了实现工业化的工艺条件。结果，工业优级品己二酸收率达到１５％，残渣可用于锅炉燃料，预期可实现明显的经济和环境效益。     

间接制冷换热器除霜方案研究

目的对以载冷剂为冷媒,用于极端低温气候环境实验室的换热器的除霜问题进行研究,获得可行的除霜设计方案。方法从抑霜和融霜两个方面出发,设计包含变片距结霜换热器的内融霜和外融霜两种除霜方案,并搭建实验台对除霜方案进行实验研究。结果变片距结霜换热器迎风面结霜严重,背风面轻度结霜,内融霜可在3.5 min完成,而外融霜需要2倍的时间。内融霜结束后继续加热换热器,并配合新风置换可在20 min内除去化霜后的附着水。结论变片距结霜换热器能够有效对来流空气进行预除湿,抑制主换热器结霜,内融霜效果最好且目前以蒸汽为热源、内融霜为主、新风吹扫为辅的除霜系统已应用于大型气候环境实验室。     

Concurrent nitrate and Fe(III) reduction during anaerobic biodegradation of phenols in a sandstone aquifer

The biodegradation of phenols (5, 60, 600 mg l⁻¹) under anaerobic conditions (nitrate enriched and unamended) was studied in laboratory microcosms with sandstone material and groundwater from within an anaerobic ammonium plume in an aquifer. The aqueous phase was sampled and analyzed for phenols and selected redox sensitive parameters on a regular basis. An experiment with sandstone material from specific depth intervals from a vertical profile across the ammonium plume was also conducted. The miniature microcosms used in this experiment were sacrificed for sampling for phenols and selected redox sensitive parameters at the end of the experiment. The sandstone material was characterized with respect to oxidation and reduction potential and Fe(II) and Fe(III) speciation prior to use for all microcosms and at the end of the experiments for selected microcosms.The redox conditions in the anaerobic microcosms were mixed nitrate and Fe(III) reducing. Nitrate and Fe(III) were apparently the dominant electron acceptors at high and low nitrate concentrations, respectively. When biomass growth is taken into account, nitrate and Fe(III) reduction constituted sufficient electron acceptor capacity for the mineralization of the phenols observed to be degraded even at an initial phenols concentration of 60 mg l⁻¹ (high) in an unamended microcosm, whereas nitrate reduction alone is unlikely to have provided sufficient electron acceptor capacity for the observed degradation of the phenols in the unamended microcosm.For microcosm systems, with solid aquifer materials, dissolution of organic substances from the solid material may occur. A quantitative determination of the speciation (mineral types and quantity) of electron acceptors associated with the solids, at levels relevant for degradation of specific organic compounds in aquifers, cannot always be obtained. Hence, complete mass balances of electron acceptor consumption for specific organic compounds degradation are difficult to confine. For aquifer materials with low initial Fe(II) content, Fe(II) determinations on solids and in aqueous phase samples may provide valuable information on Fe(III) reduction. However, in microcosms with natural sediments and where electron acceptors are associated with the sediments, complete mass-balances for substrates and electron acceptors are not likely to be obtained.     

From Narrative of Promise to Rhetoric of Sustainability: A Genealogy of Oil Sands

Since its conception, “oil sands” has been the name of a pro-development narrative seeking to convince skeptics that bitumen saturating the sandstone of Alberta’s Athabasca region ought to be extracted and chemically altered into Synthetic Crude Oil (SCO). Over the decades, the nature of skepticism has changed, and thus oil sands (along with its meanings and claims) has been continually reproduced so as to placate new criticisms. This paper offers a discursive genealogy of the oil sands narrative, demonstrating how it has been transformed from what was throughout the twentieth century a materially situated “narrative of promise” aiming to prove that SCO production was physically possible and that it could be commercially profitable, into what by 2015 was at its core a largely reactive “rhetoric of sustainability” aiming to convince a new class of critics that, contrary to their claims, SCO was in fact being produced in an environmentally responsible manner.     

Sorption of heterocyclic compounds from a complex mixture of coal-tar compounds on natural clayey till

The sorption and desorption of heterocyclic organic compounds in a complex multisolute system to a natural clayey till was investigated. The composition of the solutes reflect a simplified composition of an aqueous phase in contact with coal tar. Sorption was studied for two ratios (s:l) of clayey till (solid) to aqueous phase (liquid). The effect of the complex mixture of solutes on sorption of the four heterocyclic compounds: benzofuran, dibenzofuran, benzothiophene, and dibenzothiophene is evaluated by comparison with their sorption measured in single-solute systems. Sorption of the four compounds is affected by the complex mixture, with sorption decreases for all four compounds at high s:l ratio indicating competitive sorption. The effect on sorption of the individual compounds is not related to solubility or hydrophobicity of the compounds. Freundlich-type isotherms are observed for all compounds in the high s:l-ratio experiments, but for the most hydrophobic compounds isotherms are close to linear. The sorption of N-compounds and benzofuran is apparently influenced by cation exchange and dipole–dipole attraction to clay minerals. At high concentrations a dramatic increase in the sorption of the most strongly sorbing compounds is observed in the low s:l-ratio experiment. The dramatic increase in sorption appears to be a result of multimolecular layer sorption or condensation on surfaces in the clayey till at high surface density of organic compounds, and the data are fitted by BET (Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller) type 2 isotherms. The increase may or may not be induced by the presence of N-heterocyclic compounds sorbed by cation exchange and dipole–dipole attraction. The desorption of the compounds was studied for the low s:l ratio where multimolecular layer formation apparently had occurred. Partially irreversible sorption, hysteric Langmuir type desorption with isotherms of very high K_l coefficient, or behaviour reflecting dissolution of a condensed phase is observed.     

固体废物在固定床内热解焦油的实验研究

在小型固定床热解炉内对部分固体废物进行的热解实验 ,目的是研究所得的热解产物中焦油 (含水 )的产量及其物理化学特性。结果表明 ,物料挥发分和水分含量越高 ,焦油 (含水 )的产量就越多 ;焦油 (含水 )的产率随热解终温的升高呈先升后降的趋势 ;焦油 (含水 )密度很大 ,但其随热解终温的升高而下降 ;同时 ,部分废弃物的焦油 (含水 )热值较高 ,饱和烃的含量很高 ,有很高的利用价值。     

新型脱稳剂在煤气洗涤水中的应用研究

通过采用新型L型脱稳剂,研究和探讨了脱稳剂的用量,循环水的温度及pH值的变化对处理效果的影响,并进一步考察了反应后废水的静沉和离心分离情况。试验情况表明：使用L型脱稳剂能有效地去除煤气洗涤循环水中的焦油和悬浮物,其焦油去除率可达98％以上。     

Isolation and identification of fungi tolerant to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and coal tar from different habitats in Lithuania

A group of 36 fungal strains, belonging to the Lithuanian mycobiota, was collected and isolated from different locations, habitats, and matrices, including creosote-treated wood in storage yards for crosstie wastes. The eight most perspective strains selected according to preliminary assessment of tolerance to coal tar were subsequently identified combining taxonomical evaluation and molecular techniques. The tolerance of the eight identified fungal species (five basidiomycetes and three ascomycetes) to the presence of various concentrations of coal tar, and for the four most perspective fungal strains (Pleurotus sp., Schizophyllum sp., Irpex lacteus, Bjerkandera adusta) to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was evaluated. The ligninolytic enzymatic activity assay of the isolated strains resulted in a good correspondence between the tolerance to pollutants and the capability to produce ligninolytic enzymes indicating that this group of white-rot fungi is perspective for further investigation and eventual usage for mycoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons polluted substrates.