全球气候治理背景下中国气候金融发展的挑战和应对

气候金融是全球气候治理的重要基础和关键要素。国际政治局势的变动和《巴黎协定》的签订使得全球气候治理格局发生了重大转变。文章基于这一时代背景和国际气候金融发展趋势,从气候金融政策发展、气候金融机构及其产品和服务、气候金融风险管理三个角度梳理中国气候金融发展现状和内外部障碍。基于此,文章提出了气候金融发展的中国应对策略,认为应健全政策体系,加强国际合作;扩大金融供给,完善行业体系;健全法规约束,提升管理水平。     

The Precautionary Principle as a Robust Cost-Effectiveness Problem

This paper offers an interpretation of the precautionary principle in terms of a safety target that a decision-maker has to reach at a minimal cost in a robust way. A two-period model is used. The precautionary principle corresponds to a situation in which the decision-maker, facing an ex ante indecision, is not able to reach a safe target from the initial condition in a worst-case framework. However, he can efficiently succeed whenever the uncertainty at the second period is revealed to him. An example coping with the management of a renewable resource illustrates the general results of the paper.

机场周边环境噪声验收监测频次探究

通过比较3个不同类型机场周边敏感点噪声连续1昼夜、连续2昼夜与连续7昼夜平均计权等效连续感觉声级值之间的差异发现,对于同一监测目标,连续1昼夜与连续7昼夜声级值差异不超过2.2 d B,连续2昼夜与连续7昼夜声级值差异不超过1.8 d B,连续1昼夜或2昼夜与连续7昼夜的噪声监测结果差别不大。     

龙眼miR167家族分子特性及其潜在靶标在体胚发生早期的表达模式

为了解miR167家族成员的分子特性及其可能互作的靶标在龙眼体胚发生早期的调控机制,采用生物信息学分析方法进行龙眼miR167基因家族序列分析、二级结构预测、分子进化树分析、靶基因预测及其靶标特异表达的FPKM值分析,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术(quantitave real-time PCR,qPCR)检测miR1...     

基于生物可利用性的砷污染土壤修复目标值研究

采用IVG(In Vitro Gastrointestinal)和UBM(Unified BARGE Method)两种体外试验方法,研究了湖北省某一砷污染地块的潮土中,砷在不同浓度梯度和深度梯度下的生物可利用性.结果表明,砷在胃相中的生物可利用性为4.50%～26.41%,在小肠中的生物可利用性为3.95%～22.39%.同时,采用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析方法探究了人体胃肠可吸收砷的可能来源,发现人体胃肠可吸收利用的砷与土壤中非专性吸附态、专性吸附态、无定形和弱结晶铁铝氧化物结合态砷有显著相关性.通过构建土壤中砷生物可给态浓度的多元线性回归方程,发现土壤pH、总砷含量及砂粒含量是砷生物可给态浓度的主要预测因子.将概率累积分析法获取的地块土壤砷背景浓度上限值与湖北省土壤背景值、GB36600中附录A中潮土砷的背景值进行比较,推导出该地块基于生物可利用性的土壤砷背景浓度上限值为113 mg·kg^-1,结合该地块今后规划为生态保护绿地,可将土壤砷背景浓度上限值作为地块修复目标值制定的参考,在一定程度上可以避免修复目标值过严导致修复成本过高的问题.     

江苏省“十一五”环境压力与调控响应

利用环境压力-状态-响应模型分析江苏省在实现“十一五”环境规划目标过程中面临的环境压力现状及其作用过程,识别关键环境压力因子并提出相应的环境调控方案.结果表明:研究区域对环境压力具有良好的响应关系,其中可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)和太湖流域水质指标已成为制约江苏省“十一五”环境目标顺利完成的瓶颈;提出的环境调控响应方案分为环境保护对策及环境保护工程两部分,前者主要涉及到流域环境综合整治及大气污染防治,后者包括重要生态功能保护区建设工程、循环经济建设与工业污染治理工程、二氧化硫和酸雨污染控制工程、近岸海域环境保护工程等.      

China's Voluntary Mitigation Target and Road of Low-carbon Development

China is going through a rapid development stage of industrialization and urbanization.Although tremendous achievements have been made in the aspects of energy conservation,improvement of energy effectiveness and development of new and renewable energies,because of the rapid development of economy,it is difficult to change the huge total amount and fast increase of CO2 emission in the near future.China has to confront the tough challenge to address global climate change.China plans to reduce carbon intensity,that is,CO2 emissions per unit GDP,by 40 to 45% by 2020 compared with the 2005 level.It is a strategic option to coordinate domestic sustainable development with coping with global climate change on the basis of China’s national circumstances,representing the core content and key measures for transforming development pattern and realizing low-carbon development.To achieve the target,more capital and technology inputs are required for energy conservation and low-carbon development during the twelfth and Thirteenth Five Year Plan period than in the Eleventh Five Year Plan period.In addition,energy conservation achieved by structural adjustment,industrial upgrading and product value-added improvement is also expected to play a greater role.Therefore,China should strengthen technological innovation,make greater efforts to transform the development pattern,take advantage of the synergistic effect of policies and measures while coping with global climate change and building a domestic tow-oriented society.China should also establish an industrial system characterized by low-carbon emission.Then China will ultimately achieve a win-win situation in both domestic sustainable development and coping with global climate change.     

基于EKC的全面小康中国与发达国家环境质量比较

以2020年全面建成小康社会目标为依据,比较了我国2020年与主要发达国家同等经济水平阶段在能源消耗、大气环境、水环境等方面的差距。研究发现:主要发达国家环境质量拐点出现在20世纪70年代末到80年代初,人均GDP在1.4万~1.5万美元左右。人均GDP在1.1万~1.2万美元阶段时,我国大气污染物排放强度低于发达国家,但大气环境质量差于发达国家;主要水污染排放量高于主要发达国家,但水环境质量基本可达到发达国家同期水平。建议要正确认识环境与经济之间的EKC曲线关系,制定具有中国特色的环境问题解决路线图,提出具有阶段性、差异化、适度超前的环境质量目标。     

中小民营企业安全管理内在动力激发的策略研究

依据安全管理学相关知识,分析中小民营企业安全管理的现状;指出中小民营企业安全管理的内部动力,即经济利益、自我实现、品牌形象及社会责任四种动力,提出中小民营企业应克服传统观念,树立"以人为本"的安全生产管理新理念,发挥内在动力,克服安全管理阻力,建立起中小民营企业安全管理内在动力策略和长效机制,形成一种创新的安全管理力量源泉,以达到安全生产的目的。     

Catalytic reductive dechlorination of p–chlorophenol in water using Ni/Fe nanoscale particles

Nanoscale bimetallic Ni/Fe particles were synthesized from the reaction of sodium borohydride （NaBH4） with reduction of Ni^2＋ and Fe^2＋ in aqueous solution. The obtained Ni/Fe particles were characterized by TEM （transmission electron microscope）, XRD （X-ray diffractometer）, and N2-BET. The dechlorination activity of the Ni/Fe was investigated using p-chlorophenol （p-CP） as a probe agent. Results demonstrated that the nanoscale Ni/Fe could effectively dechlorinate p-CP at relatively low metal to solution ratio of 0.4 g/L （Ni 5 wt%）. The target with initial concentration ofp-CP 0.625 mmol/L was dechlorinted completely in 60 rain under ambient temperature and pressure. Factors affecting dechlorination efficiency, including reaction temperature, pH, Ni loading percentage over Fe, and metal to solution ratio, were investigated. The possible mechanism of dechlorination ofp-CP was proposed and discussed. The pseudo-first- order reaction took place on the surface of the Ni/Fe bimetallic particles, and the activation energy of the dechlorination reaction was determined to be 21.2 kJ/mol at the temperature rang of 287-313 K.