Antagonism of phenanthrene cytotoxicity for human embryo lung fibroblast cell line HFL-I by green tea polyphenols

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been detected in some commercial teas around the world and pose a threat to tea consumers. However, green tea polyphenols (GTP) possess remarkable antioxidant and anticancer effects. In this study, the potential of GTP to block the toxicity of the model PAH phenanthrene was examined in human embryo lung fibroblast cell line HFL-I. Both GTP and phenanthrene treatment individually caused dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth. A full factorial design experiment demonstrated that the interaction of phenanthrene and GTP significantly reduced growth inhibition. Using the median effect method showed that phenanthrene and GTP were antagonistic when the inhibitory levels were less than about 50%. Apoptosis and cell cycle detection suggested that only phenanthrene affected cell cycle significantly and caused cell death; GTP lowered the mortality of HFL-I cells exposed to phenanthrene; However, GTP did not affect modulation of the cell cycle by phenanthrene.     

绿茶中28种元素含量测定的消解条件比较

前处理条件对准确测定样品中多矿质元素含量至关重要,本研究设置4种酸消解体系(HNO_3、HNO_3-H_2O_2、HNO_3-HF、HNO_3-HF-H_2O_2)及5组消解温度(100～120℃、100～120～140℃、100～130～150℃、100～130～160℃、100～120～140～160～180℃),探究不同消解条件对绿茶标准物质GBW10052中28种多元素浓度的影响。结果表明,不同酸消解体系及消解温度下的各元素浓度均有差异,相比Ca、K、Fe、Mg、Na等主量元素,As、Cr、Cs、Cd、Li、Ni、Se、Rb、Tb、Th、Tl、U、V、Y等微量及痕量元素浓度变化更显著。HNO_3中各元素浓度最低,14个元素的相对误差(Relative error,RE)大于25%;混合酸消解效果较好,相比于HNO_3,混合酸中大部分元素浓度更接近参考值。HNO_3-H_2O_2中,除Mo、U、Se、V、Si、Pb外,其余元素浓度增大,RE减小; HNO_3-HF中U、V、Si、Li、Zn、Sr、Cr等浓度继续增大,RE持续减小,As、Pb、Cd等浓度减小,RE增大; HNO_3-HF-H_2O_2中As、Pb、Cd等持续更减小,RE增大,其余元素浓度更接近参考值,与HNO_3-HF相比,HNO_3-HF-H_2O_2中各元素RE减小,但变化不显著。升温能促进溶液中部分多元素消解,以HNO_3-HF-H_2O_2为例,消解温度为100～140℃的体系对获取主量元素更有利;高温消解对微量及痕量元素影响较大,尤其是As、Pb、Cd、Cr等易挥发元素,当温度超过140℃时,As、Pb、Cd、Cr亏损严重,RE均高于25%。因此,应该根据目标元素选择相应的消解条件,从而提高分析结果的准确性。     

Aluminium and fluoride concentrations of three tea varieties growing at Lantau Island,Hong Kong

The present project aims to investigate aluminium (Al) and fluoride (F) contents in teas (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Three different commercial tea varieties: Assam variety and two China sub-varieties, a large leafed variety and small leafed variety, were collected in two tea gardens of Lantau Island tea plantation of Hong Kong. In general, high concentrations of Al and F were accumulated in the mature leaves (15.3 and of 2.07 g kg^–1 respectively). Among the three varieties, the small leafed variety exhibited the highest Al and F contents followed by the large leafed variety whereas the Assam variety had the lowest Al and F concentrations in its tea bushes. Tea products from a plantation were also analysed and it was noted that black tea had higher Al and F concentrations than green tea. The amount of Al and F released into tea liquor was also tested and the results showed that higher concentrations of Al and F were released into tea liquor under repeated infusion method than continuous infusion method.     

茶多酚清除自由基和抗氧化作用的研究

本文用化学发光法和TBA法测定了GTP对不同反应体系产生的氧自由基的清除作用,结果表明,GTP对X/XO和PMA刺激的PMN体系中产生的化学发光强度的清除作用均有量效关系,GTP对PMA刺激的PMN和红细胞膜体系在TBA反应中产生的MDA的抑制作用亦均有量效关系。     

植物多酚物质原位钝化污染土壤重金属的研究 I.对土壤Cu吸持与溶出的影响

研究了两种缩合类植物多酚L和Y对土壤中污染元素Cu的吸持解吸的影响．结果表明植物多酚具有明显促进土壤吸持Cu，抑制土壤Cu的溶出作用，而且在潮上上效果更大在所研究的Cu和多酚浓度范围内，多酚Y都比多酚L作用显著．Cu的吸持等温线可用Freundlich方程定量描述有多酚存在的条件下土壤对Cu的吸持量比对照处理(不加多酚)高3—6倍．两种土壤对Cu吸持率随着多酚溶液浓度增加也随之增加，特别是在0-400mg(C)/L的多酚溶液浓度范围内，多酚Y和多酚L的浓度每提高100mg(C)/L，可分别使红壤对Cu的吸持率提高33.3％和56．60%，而使潮土提高14．1％和21．4％在土壤对Cu的吸附率相对比较低时(如pH2—5)，添加植物多酚显著增加土壤对Cu吸附．随着多酚溶液浓度的提高，两种土壤中Cu的溶出率都随之降低。     

Cr6+对人血红细胞膜的损伤及茶多酚对其保护作用的分子机理研究

采用TBA(thiobatbrturic acid)法和ESR自旅标记技术,测定了无机致癌物重铬酸钾(Cr~(6+))对红细胞膜的蛋白巯基和磷脂的作用,结果表明,Cr~(6+)引发红细胞膜产生脂质过氧化的同时,膜上蛋白巯基构象和磷脂的流动性发生改变.而茶多酚对Cr~(6+)引起红细胞膜上的这些变化均有明显抑制作用.     

间作杉木对茶园土壤及茶树叶片重金属含量与分布的影响

以单作茶园和杉木—茶间作茶园为研究对象，测定间作杉木对茶园土壤及茶树叶片重金属元素含量及分布的影响。结果表明：（1）间作杉木可降低茶园土壤Pb、Ni、Mn、Zn元素含量，尤其对Mn有较强吸收能力，其次为Ni、Pb、Zn；（2）间作茶园茶树叶片Pb、Mn、Cu、Zn含量均显著低于单作茶园，说明间作杉木对减少茶叶中4种重金属含量，改善茶叶品质可起到明显作用。     

皖南茶区土壤硒含量及其与茶叶中硒的关系

采集皖南泾县茶区7个主要茶园和安徽茶树良种场土壤和茶叶样品,分析土壤-茶叶间硒分配与分布的特点以及茶叶中硒含量与土壤和茶树品种的关系。结果表明,皖南泾县茶区土壤硒平均含量为( 0. 413±0. 146 )mg·kg-1,高于我国土壤表层硒平均含量背景值,在我国自然茶园中属正常偏高水平。硒在土壤剖面的分布受生物富集性、土壤pH值、土壤有机质含量等因素的影响。春茶含硒量高于秋茶,春茶含硒量为0. 096 ~0. 216mg·kg-1,多数属中等含硒水平。茶叶含硒量是土壤含硒量、茶叶采摘季节、茶树品种等因素共同影响的结果。因此通过选育硒富集力强的良种茶树、合理配施硒肥、调节土壤pH值及养分状况以及适时采摘茶叶等措施,可以实现富硒绿茶生产。     

Leaf volatiles and polyphenols in pear trees infested byPsylla pyricola. Evidence of simultaneously induced responses

Summary Feeding by the homopteranPsylla pyricola on leaves of pear trees induces the production of volatile compounds, such as (E,E)--farnesene and methyl-salicylate, as well as the production of polyphenols. The inference on induction is based on GC-MS and HPLC chromatograms from the same samples ofPsylla infested leaves, leaves from the same pear tree beforePsylla infestation and uninfested leaves from other pear trees.Psylla infestation greatly enhanced the production of volatiles ((E,E)--farnesene, methyl-salicylate and others) and triggered the production of new polyphenols, characterized by much longer retention times.However, the responses to infestation depend critically on leaf age (defined by leaf distance to apex). With respect to the leaf volatiles it appears that infested, old leaves produce fewer compounds and lower amounts of the volatiles than infested, young leaves. Moreover, there seem to be differences in pattern. Relative to (E,E)--farnesene, methyl-salicylate was found in much lower amounts in heavily infested, old leaves. With respect to polyphenols it was found that infested old leaves collected in August have polyphenols with the same retention times, but more or less equal amounts as uninfested young leaves collected in May. This shows thatPsylla infestation causes the induced response mostly in young leaves.The induced leaf volatiles may act as synomones to heteropteran bugs. As shown elsewhere,Anthocoris nemoralis responds significantly to (E,E)--farnesene and methyl-salicylate when offered in pure form against clean air in a Y-tube olfactometer. The effect of polyphenols on the performance ofP. pyricola is not yet known. Hence, a role in direct defence is still to be investigated.     

葡萄酒废水的成分组成及其处理技术综述

在分析葡萄酒废水组成成分的基础上,对葡萄酒废水的典型生物处理工艺及其影响因素进行综述。葡萄酒废水属于高浓度易降解有机废水,但其中存在的多酚类难降解成分使得采用传统厌氧和好氧工艺处理的出水很难达到相应排放标准(50~60 mg/L)。高级氧化技术具有对多酚类物质处理效率高,选择性强,操作灵活等优点,其与生物处理技术组合可高效处理葡萄酒废水。