大连市环保产业发展趋势分析

介绍了大连市近年来环保产业的发展状况,分析了大连市环保产业市场的特点。对未来15年的发展趋势作了预测,指出了今后面临的挑战和机遇。     

探讨面向21世纪环境保护发展的压力

按目前形势发展预测,近些年内我国环境状况难以得到根本改善,由于能源和水资源紧缺,下世纪初环境保护将承受巨大压力。根据数据分析,改善消费结构、推行清洁生产、推动经济国际化进程有利于降低对环境的压力     

哈尔滨市增设空气质量监测点位研究

分析哈尔滨市空气污染的现状、特征和变化趋势,对现有监测点位监测数据的代表性进行回顾性评估,确定增设点位的必要性.进行拟增设点位周围大气污染源调查,收集相关气象资料,进行城市建设规划及土地利用规划调查,划分一定的网格开展空气质量监测,采用数学统计方法对监测数据进行处理,初步确定测点位置.进行指标检查及技术论证,最终确定增设监测点位.     

香港的有害废物管理动向

为了给都市型地区的有害废物管理工作以借鉴，本文详细介绍了香港地区近１０年通过建立有害废物立法管理，制订污染控制总体规划，强化政府对有害废物的有效管理手段，以及近期和今后的主要管理措施的发展动态。     

Examination of dioxin fluxes recorded in dated aquatic-sediment cores in the Kanto region of Japan using multivariate data analysis

Past dioxin (coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (Co-PCB), 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF)) fluxes recorded in dated aquatic-sediment cores were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The data set consisted of samples from four cores collected from the Kanto region of Japan. Time trends and spatial differences in the dioxin flux were examined, and the potential relationship to emission sources was investigated. Twenty-five compounds and 58 core slices, corresponding to the later half of the 20th century, were subjected to the analysis. The PCA of both log-transformed and maximum-value-standardized data successfully divided the dioxin compounds into a small number of groups, and three similar clusters of Co-PCBs, PCDDs and penta- to hepta-CDFs were identified. PCB formulations used in the past are judged to have been responsible for the major part of the Co-PCB flux recorded in the sediment cores. However, the relationship to emission sources needs further investigation. It is suggested that most 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs are different from Co-PCBs in their emission sources or movements in the environment. The subcore clusters obtained from the PCA of log-transformed data show that the cores from different sampling areas exhibited distinct dioxin fluxes and compositions. Common time trends among the cores were more effectively summarized by the PCA of maximum-value-standardized data focusing on relative time trends. PC scores show that recently the flux of each dioxin compound in the four cores has been generally declining after having reached a peak.     

盐河淮阴区段水质污染现状评价及防治对策

水污染是困扰淮阴区工农业发展的问题之一。因此对盐河淮阴区段近几年来的水质状况进行了评价，分析了水体污染形成的原因及发展趋势，阐述了污染特征和程度，并提出了改善水环境的对策。     

Concentrations and trends of benzene in ambient air over New York State during 1990–2003

Since 1990s, a systematic program to measure air toxics has been active in New York State with monitors located both in urban and rural areas. In this study we examined the spatial and temporal characteristics of benzene, a known human carcinogen that is emitted by many source categories. The analysis indicates that ambient concentration levels of benzene have decreased by as much as 60% over this period not only in the ozone non-attainment area of New York City that had the reformulated gas (RFG) requirements, but also over the rest of the state as well. Although the rate of decrease appears to have flattened out in recent years, the annual average concentration levels are found to be above the health risk threshold even at the remote location, Whiteface Mountain, suggesting the need for further reductions in benzene emissions.     

全球和东亚地区CH4浓度时空分布特征分析

利用最新的AIRS卫星观测资料分析了2002年12月~2016年11月全球和东亚地区（70°~140°E,10°~55°N）CH₄浓度的时空变化分布特征.研究发现,2003~2016年,全球CH₄年平均浓度从1774.2×10^-9增加到1789.1×10^-9,年增长率约为1.1×10^-9/a;东亚地区CH₄年平均浓度从1811.5×10^-9增加到1841.0×10^-9,年增长率约为2.0×10^-9/a.在美国西南部、南美洲南部、澳大利亚东南部、中国青藏高原和东北地区等地上空,CH₄浓度增幅比较明显,而在北美洲的东北部上空,CH₄浓度出现负增长.北美洲东北部和俄罗斯东部等地上空CH₄浓度的变化与温度变化呈正相关;如在冬季,该地区温度与周围地区相比更低,同时CH₄浓度更低.本文利用近10a的卫星数据获得了CH₄浓度的垂直廓线,显示不同纬度带CH₄浓度均随着高度的升高逐渐减小,且高纬度地区CH₄浓度减小的最快.近年来,在低纬度地区对流层中低层CH₄浓度变化较为明显.在对流层低层（850hPa）,北半球CH₄浓度随着纬度增加逐渐变大;在南半球则随着纬度增加先减小后变大.而在平流层内,CH₄浓度在赤道处最大,且随着纬度的升高逐渐减小.此外,CH₄的浓度分布存在明显的季节变化：在北半球,大部分地区夏季CH₄浓度高于冬季（约20×10^-9~40×10^-9）,但在撒哈拉沙漠和中国新疆塔里木盆地等地区上空,冬季CH₄浓度高于夏季（约40×10^-9~60×10^?9）.在冬季,中国四川西部上空的CH₄浓度要比青藏高原上空高（约100×10^-9~120×10^-9）.     

南方林区2000~2016年林火释放污染物动态变化研究

以南方林区为研究区域,基于林业统计年鉴和MODIS卫星火点数据,结合相关文献中不同林型各类污染物的排放因子数据,估算2000~2016年间研究区域各省森林生物质燃烧及污染物排放总量,并分析其时空变化情况.结果表明,南方林区森林火灾总体呈先升后降的趋势,林火空间分布较为分散.2000~2016年南方林区森林生物质燃烧总量4.79×10⁴kt.其中,温带常绿针叶林、温带常绿阔叶林、温带落叶阔叶林、热带常绿阔叶林和灌木的燃烧比例分别为65.24%,17.45%,1.55%,1.10%和14.66%.CO、CO₂、NO_x、CH₄、VOCs和PM_2.5等主要污染物的排放总量均值依次为3.73×10³,5.87×10⁴,48.05,347.27,358.54和365.06kt.此外,各类污染物的时空分布差异性明显：福建、广东、广西全省,海南西部,以及江西和湖南南部是各类污染物网格排放高值区;江西和湖北各类污染物的排放呈显著下降,福建NO_x、VOCs和PM_2.5,以及广东CH₄和VOCs下降趋势显著,其余省份各类污染物排放下降但不显著.林火释放污染物占工业粉尘比例呈波动性上升,表明该地区森林火灾对大气环境的影响程度逐渐增加.     

渭南市区冬春季PM2.5和PM10时间分布特征及与气象因素的关系

为研究渭南市区2014?—?2016年的冬春季雾霾天气的特点,选取覆盖渭南市区的4个监测站点,分析渭南市区PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)污染时间分布特征;同时选取日平均气温、相对湿度、风等气象因素,用线性回归分析法分析各个气象因素同大气中PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的相互关系。研究发现:三年来冬季PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的日变化的峰值主要出现在12月—?次年1月;春季PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的逐日变化的峰值主要出现在3月;日内的周期变化趋势呈多次波动。渭南市区冬春PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)的质量浓度与风速、气温呈负相关,与相对湿度呈正相关,为雾霾的形成创造了条件,在冬季温度较高的情况下以及相对湿度较大的情况下应加强防范。在冬季12月—?次年1月和春季3月应注意雾霾的防范和治理,燃煤企业要安装脱硫脱硝装置,居民日常生活中尽量减少生物燃料的燃烧,同时政府应根据污染物排放量征税,用制度保护环境。