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791.
环境规制、要素禀赋与我国贸易模式的实证分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
傅京燕 《中国人口.资源与环境》2008,18(6)
当今的全球化趋势在导致贸易壁垒不断削减的同时,各国的环境规制却随之不断提升.本文使用世界银行的产业污染排放系统(IPPS)对我国制造业进行细分,运用显示性比较优势指数方法,把环境规制因素和要素禀赋因素同时引入到对贸易模式的分析.结果表明,贸易开放使我国的比较优势得以发挥,这表现为更多地专业化于清洁的劳动密集型产业,因此,即使总的污染排放有所增加,但单位产出的污染排放强度会有所下降.但另一方面,贸易开放使外资的流入增加,而资本累积是影响污染排放强度的主要因素,这必将导致我国的制造业结构更多地转向污染产业.因此,随着我国对外开放程度的加深,污染排放必呈上升态势.针对污染排放增加的原因,有效地利用产业政策和环境政策对实现资源环境的可持续发展是相当重要的. 相似文献
792.
793.
Elizabeth L. White 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1976,12(2):351-370
ABSTRACT. The interrelationships between the runoff characteristics of watersheds (expressed as the mean annual flood), standard basin parameters (area, drainage properties, and relief), and the parameters which describe the solutional modification of the basins (carbonate rock fractions, sinkhole development, and measures of internal drainage) were used to group 62 carbonate watersheds. Simple binary correlations were obtained by direct plotting of the data. This was followed by multivariate analyses: factor and cluster analyses. Following the cluster analysis, which separated the basins into three groups, the variance within each group was examined again by binary correlations and by factor analysis. Prediction equations for those basins underlain by dolomite rock [QBAR = 12.4 TOT1.01] and for those basins underlain by carbonate rock with very little surface expression [QBAR = 43.5 TOT0.87] were proposed. Basins underlain by karstic limestone had a large amount of variance within the data set; therefore no prediction equation could be obtained. (QBAR = mean annual flood, cfs; TOT = total length of all blue lines shown on topographic maps, miles.) 相似文献
794.
Lawrence F. Keller Craig G. Heatwole James W. Weber 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(4):647-654
: This article examines the willingness and capacity of local districts to control ground water mining of the Ogallala Aquifer in the High Plains. The questions of willingness and capacity were approached through extensive field interviews and a survey of all district board members and managers. The analysis focuses on the policy alternatives board members and managers perceive and how they evaluate these alternatives. Methodologically, the study utilized factor analysis of responses rating the desirability of various policy alternatives to ascertain what alternatives were perceived by the sample. Then the sample's preferences for each of the identified factors were calculated. The results demonstrate that the sample of those who must regulate if ground water mining is to be controlled at the substate level are not oriented to regulatory policies and therefore lack the willingness to deal with ground water mining. 相似文献
795.
利用美国石油协会(API)小呼吸损耗核算新公式对国内某油田4个联合站的采出液沉降罐进行了小呼吸损耗核算,并与实测数据进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,API的核算值与实测值的差别较大,相对误差可达90%以上,原因是国内油田采出液沉降罐的现场工况与API公式的模拟条件差别较大。在数据分析的基础上引入平均液体表面温度和平均气体流速两个影响因子对上述公式进行了修正,并利用修正后的公式对另外两个联合站的沉降罐进行了小呼吸损耗核算,核算结果的相对误差降至10%以下。 相似文献
796.
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798.
The US Army Engineering Research Development Center (ERDC) uses a modified form of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
(RUSLE) to estimate spatially explicit rates of soil erosion by water across military training facilities. One modification
involves the RUSLE support practice factor (P factor), which is used to account for the effect of disturbance by human activities
on erosion rates. Since disturbance from off-road military vehicular traffic moving through complex landscapes varies spatially,
a spatially explicit nonlinear regression model (disturbance model) is used to predict the distribution of P factor values
across a training facility. This research analyzes the uncertainty in this model's disturbance predictions for the Fort Hood
training facility in order to determine both the spatial distribution of prediction uncertainty and the contribution of different
error sources to that uncertainty. This analysis shows that a three-category vegetation map used by the disturbance model
was the greatest source of prediction uncertainty, especially for the map categories shrub and tree. In areas mapped as grass,
modeling error (uncertainty associated with the model parameter estimates) was the largest uncertainty source. These results
indicate that the use of a high-quality vegetation map that is periodically updated to reflect current vegetation distributions,
would produce the greatest reductions in disturbance prediction uncertainty. 相似文献
799.
根据对银洞坡金矿的水质水量调查,采用碱性氯化法处理银洞坡金矿尾矿库的含氰废水,在去除氰化物和重金属方面都取得了较好的效果。对实验的结果进行了影响因素分析,提出了采用间歇式方法处理含氰废水的工艺方案。 相似文献
800.
Biodiversity surveys are often hampered by the inability tocontrol extraneous sources of variability introduced intocomparisons of populations across a heterogenous landscape. If not specifically accounted for a priori, this noisecan weaken comparisons between sites, and can make itdifficult to draw inferences about specific ecologicalprocesses. We developed a terrain-based, paired-sitesampling design to analyze differences in aquaticbiodiversity between streams draining eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) forests, and those draining mixedhardwood forests in Delaware Water Gap National RecreationArea (USA). The goal of this design was to minimize variancedue to terrain influences on stream communities, whilerepresenting the range of hemlock dominated streamenvironments present in the park. We used geographicinformation systems (GIS) and cluster analysis to define andpartition hemlock dominated streams into terrain types basedon topographic variables and stream order. We computedsimilarity of forest stands within terrain types and usedthis information to pair hemlock-dominated streams withhardwood counterparts prior to sampling. We evaluated theeffectiveness of the design through power analysis and foundthat power to detect differences in aquatic invertebratetaxa richness was highest when sites were paired and terraintype was included as a factor in the analysis. Precision ofthe estimated difference in mean richness was nearly doubledusing the terrain-based, paired site design in comparison toother evaluated designs. Use of this method allowed us tosample stream communities representative of park-wide forestconditions while effectively controlling for landscapevariability. 相似文献