高速公路交通安全影响因素分析

在分析我国高速公路交通安全现状的基础上,运用事故因果连锁论的原理,从人、车、道路环境、管理这四个方面,建立了高速公路交通事故致因模型,对影响高速公路交通安全的因素进行了探讨.高速公路交通安全影响因素分析为探究高速公路交通事故的发生规律和提高高速公路交通系统的安全性、可靠性,以及交通事故控制策略的制定提供了决策参考.     

西龙河峄山断层带水源地开采井位确定中水质因素分析

水质因素是地下水水源地开采井位确定中必须考虑的重要因素之一。该文根据西龙河峄山断层带水源地具体水文地质概况及备选开采井水质监测数据,进行了详细的备选开采井水质因素分析:不但利用模糊综合评判法,建立了地下岩溶水环境质量评价数学模型,对水源地投产前各备选开采井水环境状况进行了评价,而且利用模糊聚类分析法进行了各井水化学分类;并根据所得评价和分类结果,研究了地下水各种属性、含水层间的水力联系以及地下水的补排关系,从而进一步论述了开采井选定投产后水质可能产生的变化及应采取的防护措施,进而达到了水质污染预警的目的。水质因素分析为该水源地开采井位的最终选定提供了有力依据。     

利用MOBILE 6.2模型预测LPG出租车排放因子

针对MOBILE6．2预测天然气汽车排放因子的功能,分析了其在预测液化石油气（LPG）轻型汽车上的可行性。并根据LPG出租车汽车排放总量分析系统（VMAS）测试结果,得到所需参数,预测了实验车队的排放因子,与实测值的误差≤10％,表明MOBILE6．2预测LPG轻型汽车排放因子具有良好的适用性。     

天津市颗粒物中元素化学特征及来源

2006年的8月—12月采集天津市PM2.5和PM10样品,分析了Na、Al等17种元素质量浓度及月变化特征,PM2.5中元素平均质量浓度为17.2μg/m3,占PM2.5的10.3%。微量元素Zn、Pb在PM10和PM2.5中含量较高,Cr、V、Ni、As等则在细粒子中有明显分布。用富集因子法分析发现,PM2.5中元素富集程度高于PM10。地壳元素除Ca外,均无明显富集,微量元素则呈现不同程度的富集,以Cd富集最为明显。颗粒物分析表明,土壤尘、燃煤、机动车尾气及化工行业是PM2.5中无机元素的主要来源。     

Assessment of Dust Generation Due to Opencast Coal Mining– An Indian Case Study

Every mine in India has to obtain environmental clearance fromthe Govt. Air pollution is one of the most important parametersto be considered in preparing an EIA. However, there is no welldefined method for predicting thr air pollution impact due tomining. Increasing trend of opencast (O/C) mining leads toproduction of huge quantities of dust. Emission factor data havebeen utilised to quantify the generation of dust. The projectunder study is one of the largest opencast project (OCP) forcoking coal. The main sources of air pollution have beenidentified. The rate of emission per unit of a given activityknown as an emission factor has been utilised, taking localfactors into account. It has been estimated that due to topsoilremoval, overburden (O/B) removal, extraction of coal, sizereduction generated 7.8 t of dust per day. Wind erosiongenerated 1.6 t of dust per day and the whole operationproduced dust which accounted for 9.4 mt/day. They cause airpollution in the work zone and surrouding locations. Themethodology adopted may be used to quantify generation for otherprojects also.     

兰州市气溶胶中金属与非金属元素的污染规律

通过对兰州市空气飘尘中粗、细颗粒物上化学元素的分布规律与特征的分析 ,指出了细颗粒物 (PM2 .5 )是一些有毒有害元素的主要携带者。这是可以在肺泡沉积 ,并能直接进入血液循环 ,对人体产生危害的重要部分     

影响儿童呼吸系统病症的混杂因子分析

利用 Logistic回归分析 ,对影响儿童呼吸系统病症的混杂因子进行了分析 ,并在控制了混杂因子后 ,对比数比值(OR)进行了比较 ,发现双亲哮喘和双亲气喘、室内烟雾程度和家长做饭时眼部受刺激频率等因子与儿童呼吸系统健康有比较强的统计关联     

米泉市生活饮用水主要污染因子初探

对米泉市历年生活饮用水的水质进行综合评价,确定主要污染因子,初步探讨了其成因及采取的对策。     

Impact of poor solid waste management on ground water

Eight sediment cores recovered from Tamaki Estuary were analysed for Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd using downward cored sub-samples. The results indicate a significant upward enrichment in heavy metals with the highest concentrations found in the uppermost 0–10 cm layer. Assessment of heavy metal pollution in marine sediments requires knowledge of pre-anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which measured values can be compared. Pristine values for the cored sediments were determined from flat “base-line” metal trends evident in lower core samples. Various methods for calculating metal enrichment and contamination factors are reviewed in detail and a modified and more robust version of the procedure for calculating the degree of contamination is proposed. The revised procedure allows the incorporation of a flexible range of pollutants, including various organic species, and the degree of contamination is expressed as an average ratio rather than an absolute summation number. Comparative data for normalized enrichment factors and the modified degree of contamination show that Tamaki Estuary sediments have suffered significant systematic heavy metal contamination following catchment urbanization. Compared to baseline values the uppermost sediment layers show four-fold enrichment averaged across eight cores and four analysed metals.     

全球大气汞排放清单研究现状

综述了全球大气汞排放清单研究现状,结果表明,2010年全球排放汞约1 960 t,其中东亚和东南亚地区约占39.7%,在排放来源方面黄金生产和煤炭燃烧分别占37%和24%。介绍了美国、英国和日本的汞大气排放清单,指出中国在汞排放研究方面与发达国家之间还有差距,建议建立详细的汞排放清单,准确掌握汞的使用和排放现状。