城市生态环境

在自然生态环境基础上,描述了城市生态环境发展规律和特征。包括与城市生态系统的辩证关系、城市生态环境的整体性、开放性和负荷能力等。分析城市生态环境效应,探讨城市生态环境容量、结构与功能。     

居住区绿色空间的生态规划与设计——以珠海华发新城为例

居住区绿色空间是城市绿色空间的重要组成部分，它对提高居民的生活环境质量，增进居民的身心健康至关重要，具有重要的生态服务功能。从生态学的角度出发，提出了居住区绿色空间生态规划的8项原则，并以珠海华发新城为例，从滨河公园、住区外围防护绿色空间、建筑组团外围和庭院绿色空间、建筑架空底部绿色空间、屋顶和垂直绿化等方面进行了规划设计。     

黑河流域生态功能区划及其保护

根据整体性、主导性、综合性原则 ,运用叠置法 ,将黑河流域划分为 3个生态功能区、9个亚区 ,分析了各个功能区的生态特征及存在的生态问题。分区提出了生态保护措施 ,并探讨了黑河流域生态保护及管理对策。     

丝状真菌基因功能研究的方法

近年来不少丝状真菌全基因组测序已完成或正在进行,基因功能研究成为真菌研究的一个热点.多种基因功能研究方法都已应用到丝状真菌领域,为丝状真菌的基因功能研究提供了许多不同的技术策略.本文总结了目前丝状真菌基因功能研究中常用的方法,如转座子标签法、基因敲除技术、RNA干扰、超表达及酵母杂交系统等,并对各方法在丝状真菌研究中的优缺点进行了阐述.参42     

Objectives for Multiple-Species Conservation Planning

Abstract:  The first step in conservation planning is to identify objectives. Most stated objectives for conservation, such as to maximize biodiversity outcomes, are too vague to be useful within a decision-making framework. One way to clarify the issue is to define objectives in terms of the risk of extinction for multiple species. Although the assessment of extinction risk for single species is common, few researchers have formulated an objective function that combines the extinction risks of multiple species. We sought to translate the broad goal of maximizing the viability of species into explicit objectives for use in a decision-theoretic approach to conservation planning. We formulated several objective functions based on extinction risk across many species and illustrated the differences between these objectives with simple examples. Each objective function was the mathematical representation of an approach to conservation and emphasized different levels of threat. Our objectives included minimizing the joint probability of one or more extinctions, minimizing the expected number of extinctions, and minimizing the increase in risk of extinction from the best-case scenario. With objective functions based on joint probabilities of extinction across species, any correlations in extinction probabilities had to be known or the resultant decisions were potentially misleading. Additive objectives, such as the expected number of extinctions, did not produce the same anomalies. We demonstrated that the choice of objective function is central to the decision-making process because alternative objective functions can lead to a different ranking of management options. Therefore, decision makers need to think carefully in selecting and defining their conservation goals.     

低浓度SO2熏气对油桐幼苗光系统结构和功能的影响

采用开顶式熏气装置,以浓度为0.8571mg·m-3的SO2对二三年生的油桐(Vernicia fordii)幼苗进行118 d熏气试验.结果表明长期低浓度SO2熏气处理引起光化学猝灭、非光化学猝灭、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)下降,荧光产量(Ft)增加,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的光能转换效率和潜在活性下降;光系统Ⅰ(PSⅠ)的潜在活性和光能转换效率也下降.因此认为长期低浓度SO2熏气处理引起PSⅠ和PSⅡ结构破坏,导致光系统光能转换效率和系统潜在活性的下降.     

洞庭湖区退田还湖生态补偿机制

以洞庭湖区退田还湖的生态补偿为例,初步探讨了有关生态补偿的3个基本问题,即补偿支付者和接受者的问题,补偿强度的问题和补偿渠道的问题。     

A weight-adjusted Peto’s test when cause of death is not assigned

A new statistical testing approach using a weighted logrank statistic is developed for rodent tumorigenicity assays that have a single terminal sacrifice but not cause-of-death data. Instead of using cause-of-death assignment by pathologists, the number of fatal tumors is estimated by a constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method. For data lacking cause-of-death information, the Peto test is modified with estimated numbers of fatal tumors and a Fleming–Harrington-type weight, which is based on an estimated tumor survival function. A bootstrap resampling method is used to estimate the weight function. The proposed testing method with the weight adjustment appears to improve the performance in various situations of single-sacrifice animal experiments. A Monte Carlo simulation study for the proposed test is conducted to assess size and power of the test. This testing approach is illustrated using a real data set.     

随机数据相干函数谱的归纳处理方法研究

目的研究相干函数谱的归纳处理方法,提高多点多轴振动试验对实际环境模拟的真实性。方法通过对相干函数统计分布规律的分析,提出一种基于实测数据的制定相干函数谱的统计容差法,考虑到相干函数对试验量级影响的特殊性,没有采用传统的容差上限分析法,而是对相干函数的容差区间进行分析,并给出相干函数容差上限谱和容差下限谱的制定方法。结果利用该方法对某型号产品的实测数据表明,该方法有效可行。结论采用容差区间估计法,降低了相干函数的试验值与实测值的误差,达到了提高试验环境对实际环境模拟真实度的要求。     

保守性污染物风险水环境容量的随机估算模式研究

本文以对数正态分布理论为基础,建立了利用矩量近似法(Moment Approximation)与数值积分法(Numeral Interal Methed)计算风险水环境容量的随机估算模式,并由此提出了水质功能标准概率分布概念。风险水环境容量随机估算模式的提出拓展了水环境容量的概念与内函,为计算风险水环境容量开辟了新的途径。