平板载荷试验在深圳某工程中确定地基承载力

平板栽荷试验(PLT)是在一定面积的承压板上向地基土逐级加荷载,测求地基土的压力与变形特征的原位测试方法。文章在深圳地区岩土勘察中进行了一次平板栽荷试验,较为准确地确定了地基土的承载力和变形模量。结合工程实例,详细介绍了PLT的施工原理和方法,以期对类似场地勘察工程实施有一定的参考意义。     

大体积垃圾露天堆肥试验

通过进行大体积露天垃圾堆肥试验，证明大体积鲜垃圾露天单元式堆肥，是在堆温、养分及卫生学等各项指标均达到国家标准的厌氧高温堆肥     

BOD测定的仪器法与化学法关系初探

本文介绍了在实验室中运用压差式仪器法测定BOD值的优越性,并着重与相应的化学稀释法所测BOD值进行对照.通过计算机找出二者的相关关系,以便得到准确的BOD值进而推广利用BOD测定的新技术.     

新疆南疆部分地面饮用水的致突变性研究

饮用水的致突变性和潜在致癌危害是环境科学研究的重要内容,新疆南疆地区,除少数城市居民饮用自来水外,绝大多数农垦、牧区均以当地的河水、泉水和涝坝水等地面水为主要的饮用水源。为了解这些饮用水的致突变和潜在致癌危害,我们特在枯水季节,从具有代表性的塔什库尔干县某地的泉水(下称泉水)、河水(下称河水)、疏勒县城的深井     

固定化荧光假单胞菌降解阴离子表面活性剂的研究

用海藻酸钠法包埋适冷性微生物荧光假单胞菌株AIS-11,并用于处理阴离子表面活性剂废水,所有实验均在批式反应器中进行。以L_9(3~4)正交试验确定了其对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)的最佳包埋条件,并且对游离细胞和固定化菌体的降解过程进行了动力学分析和比较。结果表明,固定化珠体能将吸附和生物催化过程有机地耦联起来,有效地提高了阴离子表面活性剂的降解速率,将底物最大利用速度(mg/L·h)从游离细胞的5.75(SDS)和5.12(SDBS)分别提高至22.89和25.14。     

室内空气中甲醛和苯系物检测与净化

通过对哈尔滨市装饰装修竣工一年内的60户室内空气污染物检测分析,结果表明:室内空气甲醛超标64.1%,苯超标54.1%,甲苯超标35.6%,二甲苯超标30.6%.采用臭氧法,光催化氧化法和药剂法三种方法对室内空气污染物甲醛和苯进行净化效果实验研究,评价其净化效果,比较了三种方法的优劣.     

数据包络分析(DEA)模型在清洁生产评价中的应用

清洁生产技术方案评价对于指导企业实施清洁生产有重要意义。将污染物产生量数据作为一种输入引入数据包络分析(DEA)模型，利用该模型对清洁生产技术方案中的投入、产出和污染物发生量进行有效性评价。分析不同方案相对效率值、目标改进值，发现最有效的清洁生产技术方案，达到经济效益和环境效益的统一。本研究为企业筛选和决策可实施清洁生产技术方案提供技术理论支持。     

编制企业事故应急预案的实践与探索

企业编制事故应急预案是在新形势下面临的新任务，也是《安全生产法》赋予企业的责任。通过介绍编制《事故应急预案与急救措施》的具体实践，探索了一些编制事故应急预案的程序和原则。     

Effect of soil solids concentration in batch tests on the partition coefficients of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil materials

 The effect of the soil solids concentration in batch tests on the measured values of the partition coefficient (K _p) of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil material was investigated. Since this study was based on the results of batch and column tests conducted independently, there were limitations to the conclusions derived. The organic compounds tested were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, and p-xylene. The results of this study showed that as soil solids concentrations increased, the measured K _p values of these organic compounds strongly decreased. The observed values of K _p stabilized when the soil solids concentration was above a certain value. Typical K _p values obtained from batch tests conducted under high soil solids concentrations were close to those obtained from column tests. It was concluded that the K _p values of organic compounds measured under low soil solids concentrations, i.e., less than 100 g/l, may not correctly simulate the field situation. Consequently, the values of K _p obtained with low soil solids concentrations can result in an overestimation of the retardation factor of the landfill liner material. Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 25, 2002     

ANALYZING CORRELATIONS BETWEEN STREAM AND WATERSHED ATTRIBUTES1

ABSTRACT: Bivariate correlation analysis has been widely used to explore relationships between stream and watershed attributes that have all been measured on the same set of watersheds or sampling locations. Researchers routinely test H₀: ρ= 0 for each correlation in a large table and then go on to discuss only those that are declared “significant.” Such test results are inaccurate because no allowance is made for multiple testing, and also because the tests are not mutually independent. This paper reviews the Bonferroni approach to controlling the overall error rate in multiple testing and shows how the approach becomes impractical for large correlation tables. The Hotelling/Williams test is introduced for comparing two dependent correlations that share a variable, and numerical constraints for two such correlations are illustrated. References are also given for testing other hypothesized patterns among dependent correlations, and links to dependent correlation software are provided. The methods are illustrated for watershed and stream variables sampled in 23 small agricultural watersheds of the Willamette Valley, Oregon.