某型飞机腐蚀防护及设计改进

目的针对某型飞机的腐蚀问题开展研究,制定结构腐蚀修理和防腐改进措施。方法对外场飞机的腐蚀情况进行统计归类,对现有飞机防护体系进行梳理,分析结构腐蚀原因和防护体系的不足。在对飞机服役地区环境进行实测的基础上,编制飞机地面停放环境谱和飞机结构局部环境谱。研究制定结构防护体系设计改进措施,并通过加速腐蚀试验验证设计改进效果。结果与结构设计改进前的原始状态相比,防腐改进后的结构日历寿命提高1.6~5倍。结论飞机防护体系薄弱的情况下容易引发多种类型的腐蚀问题;系统地对飞机结构腐蚀问题进行治理,才能取得令人满意的效果。     

中国典型城市环境空气质量变化趋势分析研究

文章选取北京市、兰州市、乌鲁木齐市、青岛市、武汉市、深圳市这六个典型城市为研究对象,利用2003年-2013年六个城市的SO2、NO2和PM10浓度数据,计算出区域空气综合污染指数和污染负荷指数,并采用Daniel趋势检验法分析主要污染物的变化趋势.结果表明,六个典型城市环境空气质量状况从优至差排列依次为深圳、青岛、武汉、北京、兰州、乌鲁木齐;六个典型城市空气首要污染物为PM10,SO2的污染负荷呈下降趋势,NO2的污染负荷呈上升趋势;各城市的空气质量整体呈现好转趋势,表明大气治理初见成效.     

污水处理厂絮凝剂最佳浓度的小试实践

聚丙烯酰胺作为絮凝剂在污水处理行业使用已很普遍,使用前通过精确小试更准确把握其使用浓度及使用量,可节约生产成本。本文介绍了一种简易的试验装置,用其测定得到污水处理厂絮凝剂的最佳使用浓度。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱抗震性能的试验研究

对不同锈蚀程度的钢筋混凝土圆柱进行低周反复试验,研究了不同轴压比下的钢筋锈蚀率对钢筋混凝土圆柱滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度、延性及耗能能力的影响;给出了试件累积耗能、屈服荷栽、极限荷栽、荷栽最大值和位移延性系数与钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的关系.研究表明,随着钢筋锈蚀率和轴压比的增大,试件的滞回曲线趋于干瘪,骨架曲线下降段变陡,试...     

轨道交通运行引起的场地振动试验研究

轨道交通运行引起的环境振动问题,已成为土木工程界关注的一个新的课题。对南京市栖霞镇某场地进行了列车振动现场试验,得到了不同列车车型与车速下的地面振动速度时程曲线,给出了地面振动速度的频谱特性和衰减规律,分析了列车运行引起的环境振动的传递路径,为进一步研究轨道交通振动控制提供了参考。     

饱和层状尾砂动力特性研究

为探究动力作用下尾砂液化破坏特性,基于某矿山尾矿库坝体分层尾砂,开展不同固结应力和层状结构条件下动三轴试验,分析层状尾砂动弹性模量、阻尼比及动剪应力比等动力参数与动孔压的变化规律.结果表明:固结应力对层状尾砂力学特性和动孔压变化趋势有较大影响,固结应力越大,动孔压增长越明显,初始增长斜率随固结应力增大而下降;尾粉土厚度...     

Physicochemical substance properties as indicators for unreliable exposure in microplate-based bioassays

In the last years many efforts were made to transform standardized algal test protocols into low-cost microplate assays. While advantages were pointed out frequently, limitations are not systematically addressed, thus hindering a widespread utilisation. In this study a group of organic substances with a wide distribution of volatility (log K_AW from −6.53 to −2.13) and lipophilicity (log K_OW from 1.26 to 4.92) was investigated with respect to the influence of these physicochemical properties on their algal toxicity in different assays. Therefore the EC₅₀ values were determined with a microplate assay based on ISO 8692 protocol and the results were compared with those of an established algal growth inhibition test conducted in air tight glass vessels. Using the ratio of the EC₅₀ values, a clear connection between biological response and volatility as well as lipophilicity of test substances could be detected. Chemicals with a log K_OW higher than 3 or a Henry coefficient log K_AW higher than −4 were identified as less effective in the microplate assay than in the comparative assay. The loss in nominal concentration due to physicochemical properties could be shown to contribute to this using HPLC analysis. Consequently, when using microplate assay’s one should be aware that lipophilic and volatile chemicals might be underestimated in their toxicity, which could be indicated from evaluating related physicochemical properties modelled from structural information prior to an experimental investigation.     

Types of Ectomycorrhiza of Mature Beech and Spruce at Ozone-Fumigated and Control Forest Plots

In the Kranzberg forest near Freising (Germany) a novel “Free-Air Canopy O₃ Exposure” system has been employed for analysing O₃-induced responses from sub-cellular to ecosystem levels that are relevant for carbon balance and CO₂ demand of 60-year-old beech trees. The below-ground ectomycorrhizal community was studied in two-fold ambient O₃ concentrations (five cores per sampling) and in a control plot with an ambient O₃ concentration (four cores per sampling). Five samplings were taken throughout two vegetation seasons (2003 and 2004). Types of ectomycorrhiza were determined by their morphological, anatomical and molecular characteristics and quantified by counting. The total number of mycorrhizal fine roots was higher at the fumigated plot as compared with the control site. The numbers of ectomycorrhizal types at the fumigated and control plots were 28 and 26, respectively. Cenococcum geophilum was present in all soil cores at all sampling times with a significant increase in abundance under ozone-fumigated trees. Other mycorrhizal types present at higher abundance at the fumigated than at the control plot were identified as Russula densiflora, R. fellea, R. illota, Tuber puberulum, Lactarius sp. 2 and Russula sp. 2. Some mycorrhizal types were present exclusively at the fumigated plot (Fagirhiza fusca, F. setifera, Lactarius acris, Piceirhiza nigra and Russula sp. 1). A possible ecological role for the abundant types of ectomycorrhiza and their putative application in bio-indication is discussed.     

成都市城市环境与经济协调发展分析

从城市环境与经济发展的协调度方面分析了成都市１９９０－１９９７年间协调度的变化趋势,评估了成都市城市环境与经济协调发展的类型,得出了成都市属于总体协调发展类环境滞后型的结论。