土壤中矿物油含量测定方法的研究

重点介绍了以四氯化碳为萃取剂,利用超声波清洗仪萃取土壤中的油类物质,红外分光光度法测定土壤中的矿物油含量的方法。实验表明此方法具有良好的线性关系,相关系数可达0．9999。方法检出限为0．50mg／kg。平行样品间分析、试剂空白加标与基体加标回收率均能满足样品分析对精密度和准确度的要求。     

地层对四氯化碳迁移影响的实验研究

四氯化碳（CT）在地下水中是一种持久性的有机污染物（POPs）,工业污水和残留在土壤中的CT一旦进入地下含水层,会长期影响人类的用水安全。了解土壤对CT的去除效能,以及CT在地层中的迁移规律,可以为地下水污染的风险评估和修复治理提供依据。为了研究CT在不同岩性地层中的运移规律,通过批量振荡平衡实验,对CT在地层中的吸附...     

四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究

本文介绍了四氯化碳显色目视比色法测定溶解氧方法的研究过程,通过时分析方法中,标准试剂的选择,萃取剂的选择,碘化钾（K1）用量的选择,及稳定性实验,消除干扰实验,环境温度实验,方法准确度及精密度实验,表明此方法快速、准确、分析结果直观、适合应急监测。     

Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in thermally activated persulfate system in the presence of formic acid

The thermally activated persulfate (PS) degradation of carbon tetrachloride (CT) in the presence of formic acid (FA) was investigated. The results indicated that CT degradation followed a zero order kinetic model, and CO ₂ ^– · was responsible for the degradation of CT confirmed by radical scavenger tests. CT degradation rate increased with increasing PS or FA dosage, and the initial CT had no effect on CT degradation rate. However, the initial solution pH had effect on the degradation of CT, and the best CT degradation occurred at initial pH 6. Cl^– had a negative effect on CT degradation, and high concentration of Cl^– displayed much strong inhibition. Ten mmol·L^–1HCO ₃ ^– promoted CT degradation, while 100 mmol·L^–1NO ₃ ^– inhibited the degradation of CT, but SO ₄ ^2– promoted CT degradation in the presence of FA. The measured Cl–concentration released into solution along with CT degradation was 75.8% of the total theoretical dechlorination yield, but no chlorinated intermediates were detected. The split of C-Cl was proposed as the possible reaction pathways in CT degradation. In conclusion, this study strongly demonstrated that the thermally activated PS system in the presence of FA is a promising technique in in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) remediation for CT contaminated site.     

Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatic compounds by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension

Selective redox degradation of chlorinated aliphatics by Fenton reaction in pyrite suspension was investigated in a closed system. Carbon tetrachloride (CT) was used as a representative target of perchlorinated alkanes and trichloroethylene (TCE) was used as one of highly chlorinated alkenes. Degradation of CT in Fenton reaction was significantly enhanced by pyrite used as an iron source instead of soluble Fe. Pyrite Fenton showed 93% of CT removal in 140 min, while Fenton reaction with soluble Fe(II) showed 52% and that with Fe(III) 15%. Addition of 2-propanol to the pyrite Fenton system significantly inhibited degradation of TCE (99% to 44% of TCE removal), while degradation of CT was slightly improved by the 2-propanol addition (80-91% of CT removal). The result suggests that, unlike oxidative degradation of TCE by hydroxyl radical in pyrite Fenton system, an oxidation by the hydroxyl radical is not a main degradation mechanism for the degradation of CT in pyrite Fenton system but a reductive dechlorination by superoxide can rather be the one for the CT degradation. The degradation kinetics of CT in the pyrite Fenton system was decelerated (0.13-0.03 min⁻¹), as initial suspension pH decreased from 3 to 2. The formation of superoxide during the CT degradation in the pyrite Fenton system was observed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The formation at initial pH 3 was greater than that at initial pH 2, which supported that superoxide was a main reductant for degradation of CT in the pyrite Fenton system.     

典型场地四氯化碳污染的健康风险评价

以华北某污染场地为研究区域,采集了场地内大气、土壤、地表水和地下水4个类别共196个样品.分析了25项挥发性有机物在不同区域的分布特征,探讨了超标污染物的污染来源,最后,应用美国环保局的健康风险评价方法,对场地超标污染物进行了健康风险评价.结果表明,场地超标污染物仅为四氯化碳;主要赋存于地下水中,其污染晕的平面分布与地...     

液上空间－气相色谱法测定工业废水中1，1，1－三氯乙烷等卤代烃的研究

本方法研究了液上空间气相色谱法测定工业废水１,１,１－三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷三种挥发性卤代烃,采用填充气相色谱法以角鲨烷为固定液,用ＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｒｂＧＡＷ－ＤＭＣＳ作为担体,在选定的条件下,１,１,１－三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷能完全分离．同时也能与经常共存的二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、一氯二溴甲烷、三溴甲烷完全分离而互不干扰。本方法的定性检出限是按全程序空白值标准偏差的３倍值计算。１,１,１－三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷的定性检出限分别为２．４×１０－２ｎｇ、２．１０×１０－４ｎｇ、０．１３ｎｇ,当进样量为２０ｕｌ时,１,１,１－三氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯甲烷的最低检出浓度分别为１．２×１０－３ｍｇ／１、１．０８×１０－５ｍｇ／１、６．４８×１０－３ｍｇ／ｌ。     

零价铁对水中四氯化碳还原脱氯研究

文章研究了Fe0的纯度、粒径和投加量以及酸洗预处理对水溶液中四氯化碳的还原性脱氯作用的影响,并对其脱氯的主要产物——氯仿进行了讨论。结果表明:(1)Fe0纯度越高,粒径越小,四氯化碳的去除效果越好;(2)在实验范围内,Fe0投加量越大,四氯化碳的去除效率越高;(3)酸洗后,四氯化碳的去除效果明显的提高;(4)Fe0纯度、粒径和投加量以及酸洗处理对四氯化碳的还原产物氯仿亦具有一定的影响,四氯化碳的去除与氯仿的产生之间存在着一定的对应关系。     

铁基双金属强化降解地下水中四氯化碳

采用沉积置换法制备了微米级的Ni-Fe、Cu-Fe、Ag-Fe双金属颗粒，应用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析了其表面特征，考察了负载金属类型、金属负载量对铁基双金属降解四氯化碳（CCl₄）的影响.结果表明：Ni、Cu、Ag等催化金属非均匀地负载在铁基体上，双金属颗粒表面发生了氧化.CCl₄的降解速率对催化金属的负载量比较敏感，双金属体系Ni、Cu、Ag的适宜负载量分别为1.0wt%、0.8wt%和0.4wt%.CCl₄在双金属体系中的降解途径为零价铁颗粒表面的直接还原及催化金属表面的催化加氢还原，以催化加氢还原为主.Ni-Fe、Cu-Fe、Ag-Fe对CCl₄的还原降解速率大小顺序与其电偶电池电动势的大小顺序一致，即Ag-Fe对CCl₄的降解速率最快，Cu-Fe次之，Ni-Fe最慢.     

纳米零价铁降解水中四氯化碳的试验研究

以四氯化碳为目标污染物,研究了不同因素对自制纳米零价铁降解水中四氯化碳的影响,并对反应产物及可能的反应路径进行了探讨.结果表明,自制纳米零价铁对四氯化碳有很好的降解效果.在pH=3和30℃的条件下,当初始四氯化碳浓度为2.0 mg·L~(-1),纳米零价铁浓度为1.0 g·L~(-1)时,去除率高达96.7%.纳米零价铁降解四氯化碳的酸碱适应范围较大(pH值3~9).随着温度升高和纳米零价铁投加量的增大,四氯化碳降解率显著提高.该反应符合一级动力学,且反应活化能较低,反应易于进行.